Welcome to NYDead.com

<h1>Welcome to NYDead.com</h1>
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<h5><b>Site content by Norman Scherer, send comments to <a href="mailto:kidsnyc@gmail.com">kidsnyc@gmail.com</a></b></h5>

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<a href="http://www.kidsnyc.com">KIDS NYC</a>
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<a href="http://www.testnyc.com">TEST NYC</a>
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<a href="http://www.ny-bus.com">NY BUS</a>
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<a href="http://www.nycmaze.com">NYC MAZE</a>
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<a href="http://www.nychistorytours.com">NYC HISTORY TOURS</a>
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<h3><b>NY Dead shows the final resting places of some of the mostly 19th and 20th century NYC characters in my upcoming history game called NYC MAZE. To play NYC Maze (when complete) you must follow 13 characters that were in the same time line across businesses and historic locations that existed in the eras they lived in. There will be five levels of NYC MAZE: 20th Century; 19th Century; Post Revolutionary War; British; and Dutch. NYC Maze is being constructed on my Google map site called Norumbega - Mythical City of Silver that can be accessed following the following link.</b></h3>
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<a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=113667415984329374977.00000112dddcd6336f0ed&t=h&z=12">Norumbega - Mythical City of Silver</a><br>

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<h4><b>NY Dead will make touring the graveyards in NYC's five boroughs a historic adventure, the app version will use gps to bring you directly to their headstones. The graveyards covered in this site are broken down by borough. You will soon be able to click the characters name to uncover their lives</b>
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<h2>Manhattan</h2>

<b>Episcopal Church of the Heavenly Rest</b>
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2 E 90th St at Fifth Avenue
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Founded in 1865, the church was originally located on the ne corner of Fifth Avenue and 45th Street, and created as a memorial dead for American Civil War soldiers. This 3 million neo-Gothic styled church opened on Easter Sunday on March 31th, 1929 (less than 7 months before the Stock Market Crash on Black Tuesday, October 29th), on land owned by Andrew Carnegie's widow. 
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Gloria Swanson - March 27, 1899 to April 4, 1983
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<b>General Grant National Memorial</b>
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West 122nd Street and Riverside Drive
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Overlooking the Hudson River, North Americas largest tomb and mausoleum is a $600,000 memorial to the life and accomplishments of President Ulysses S Grant (elected twice 1868 and 1872). His wife Julia Dent Grant also joins him on the location that was opened on April 27, 1897, with her own tomb. 
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Ulysses S Grant - Apr. 27, 1822 to Jul. 23, 1885
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<b>Mother AME Zion Church</b>
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146 W. 137th Street
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Founded in 1796, this church first opened in October, 1800 at 158 Church Street (corner of Leonard Street). The first bishop of the church was James Varick, who organized this Freedom Church that was a stop on the Underground Railroad. It was the first African American church that moved to Harlem (in 1914), its present location opened in 1925.
James Varick was first buried in Washington, DC, at the Colored Union Cemetery (now called Woodlawn), before his remains were moved to a crypt in this historic Harlem church.
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James Varick - January 10, 1750 to July 22, 1828
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<b>New York City Marble Cemetery</b>
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52-74 East 2nd Street, between Second and First Avenues
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Preserved Fish - July 3, 1766 to July 23, 1846
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James Monroe - April 28, 1758 to July 4, 1831
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Marinus Willet - July 31, 1740 to August 22, 1830
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<b>Saint Bartholomew's Episcopal Church</b>
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325 Park Avenue
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Lillian and her sister Dorothy are buried in this church
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Lillian Gish - October 14, 1893 to Feb. 27, 1993
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<b>Trinity Churchyard</b>
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Alexander Hamilton - January 11, 1755 to July 12, 1804
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Jerry Orbach - October 20, 1935 to December 28, 2004

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<h2>Brooklyn</h2>

<b>Cypress Hills Cemetery</b>
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Gentleman Jim Corbett - September 01, 1866 to February 18, 1933
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Jackie Robinson - January 31, 1919 to October 24, 1972
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Mae West - August 17, 1893 to November 22, 1980
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<b>The Evergreens Cemetery</b>
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Memorial for Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire - March 25, 1911
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Bill Bojangles Robinson - May 25, 1877 to November 25, 1949
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<b>Friends Quaker Cemetery</b>
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Montgomery Clift - October 17, 1920 to July 23, 1966

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<b>Green-Wood Cemetery</b>
Albert Anastasia - February 26, 1902 to October 25, 1957
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Jean-Michel Basquiat - Dec. 22, 1960 to August 12, 1988
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Henry Ward Beecher - June 24, 1813 to March 8, 1887
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James Gordon Bennett - September 1, 1795 to June 1, 1872
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Leonard Bernstein - August 25, 1918 to October 14, 1990
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James Bogardus - March 14, 1800 to April 13, 1874
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George Catlin - July 26, 1796 to December 23, 1872
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Edwin P. Christy - May. 21, 1815 to May 21, 1862
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DeWitt Clinton - March 2, 1769 to February 11, 1828
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William Colgate - January 25, 1783 to March 25, 1857
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Peter Cooper - February 12, 1791 to April 4, 1883
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Jim Creighton - April 15, 1841 to October 18, 1862
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Nathaniel Currier - March 27, 1813 to November 20, 1888
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Asher Brown Durand - August 21, 1796 to September 17, 1886
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Charles Ebbets - October 29, 1859 to April 18, 1925
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Charles Feltman - November 8, 1841 to September 20, 1910
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Joey Crazy Gallo - April 7, 1929 to April 7, 1972
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Horace Greeley - February 3, 1811 to November 29, 1872
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James Harper - April 13, 1795 to March 27, 1869
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Thomas Hyer - January 1, 1819 to June 26, 1864
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James Merritt Ives - March 5, 1824 to January 3, 1895
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Abraham Jacobi - May 6, 1830 to July 19, 1919
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John Lafarge - March 31, 1835 to November 14, 1910
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Pierre Lorillard - October 13, 1833 to July 2, 1901
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Seth Low - January 18, 1850 to September 17, 1916
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John Matthews - 1808 to January 12, 1870
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Lola Montez - February 17, 1821 to January 17, 1861
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Frank Morgan - June 1, 1890 to September 18, 1949
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Samuel Morse - April 27, 1791 to April 2, 1872
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Jacob Wrey Mould - August 7, 1825 to June 14, 1886
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Charles 'Mile-A-Minute Murphy - October, 1870 to February 17, 1950
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Violet Oakley - June 10, 1874 to February 25, 1961
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Charles Pfizer - March 22, 1824 to October 19, 1906
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Duncan Phyfe - 1768 to August 16, 1854
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William 'Bill The Butcher' Poole - July, 1821 to March 8, 1855
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John Reisenweber - October 7, 1851 to August 9, 1931
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James Renwick Jr. - November 1, 1818 to June 23, 1895
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Henry Rutgers - October 7, 1745 to February 17, 1830
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Frederick Augustus Otto Schwarz - October 18, 1836 to May 17, 1911
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Edward Robinson Squibb - July 4, 1819 to October 25, 1900
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Henry Englehard Steinway - February 15, 1797 to February 7, 1871
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Charles Lewis Tiffany - February 15, 1812 to February 18, 1902
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Louis Comfort Tiffany - February 18, 1848 to January 17, 1933
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George Tilyou - February 3, 1862 to November 30, 1914
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John Torrio - February, 1882 to April 6, 1957
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William 'Boss' Tweed - April 3, 1823 to April 12, 1878
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George Wesley - August 12, 1882 to January 8, 1925
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Jacob Aaron Westervelt - June 20, 1800 to February 21, 1879
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Charles Tyson Yerkes - June 25, 1837 to December 29, 1905

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<b>Maimonides Cemetery</b>
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Marcus Loew - May 7, 1870 to September 5, 1927

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<h2>Bronx</h2>
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<b>Saint Raymonds Cemetery</b>
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Billie Holiday - April 7, 1915 to July 17, 1959
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Frankie Lymon - September 30, 1942 to February 27, 1968
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<b>Woodlawn Cemetery</b>
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Irving Berlin - May 11, 1888 to September 22, 1989
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George Michael Cohan - July 3, 1878 to November 5, 1942
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Miles Davis - May 25, 1926 to September 28, 1991
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Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington - April 29, 1899 to May 24, 1974
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Lionel Hampton - April 20, 1908 to August 31, 2002
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Augustus D. Juilliard - April 19, 1836 to April 25, 1919
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Samuel Kress - July 23, 1863 to September 22, 1955
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William Barclay Bat Masterson - November 24, 1854 to October 25, 1921
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Herman Melville - August 1, 1819 to September 28, 1891
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Joseph Pulitzer - April 10, 1847 to October 29, 1911
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Frank Winfield Woolworth - April 13, 1852 to April 8, 1919

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<h2>Queens</h2>
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<b>Beth El Cemetery</b>
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Emanuel Edward G Robinson Goldenberg - December 12, 1893 to January 26, 1973
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<b>Calvary Cemetery</b>
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Timothy Daniel Big Tim Sullivan - July 23, 1862 to August 31, 1913
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<b>Flushing Cemetery</b>
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Louis Satchmo Armstrong - July 4, 1900 to July 6, 1971
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John Birks Dizzy Gillespie - October 21, 1917 to January 6, 1993
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<b>Mount Carmel Cemetery</b>
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Abraham Cahan - July 7th, 1860 to August 31, 1951
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Henny Youngman - March 16, 1906 to February 24, 1998
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<b>Machpelah Cemetery</b>
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Ehrich Harry Houdini Weiss - March 24, 1874 to October 31, 1926
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<b>Saint John Cemetery</b>
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Charles Atlas - October 30, 1892 to December 24, 1972
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<b>Union Field Cemetery</b>
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Bert Lahr - August 13, 1895 to December 4, 1967

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<h2>Staten Island</h2>
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<b>Moravian Cemetery</b>
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Alice Austen - March 17, 1866 to June 9, 1952
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Paul Big Paul Castellano - June 26, 1915 to December 16, 1985
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Eberhard Faber - December 6, 1822 to March 2, 1879
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Cornelius Vanderbilt - May 27, 1794 to January 4, 1877
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<b>Asbury Methodist Cemetery</b>
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Ichabod Crane - Jul. 18, 1787 to Oct. 5, 1857
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Other stars buried in NY State include
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Lucille Ball at Lake View Cemetery, Jamestown, New York.
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Anne Bancroft at Kensico Cemetery, Valhalla, New York.
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Louise Brooks at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery, Rochester, New York.
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James Cagney at Gate of Heaven Cemetery, Hawthorne, New York.
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Kitty Carlisle at Ferncliff Cemetery, Hartsdale, New York.
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Harry Chapin at Huntington Rural Cemetery, Huntington, New York.
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Gary Cooper at Sacred Heart Cemetery, Southampton, Long Island, New York.
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Joan Crawford at Ferncliff Cemetery, Hartsdale, New York.
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Judy Garland at Ferncliff Cemetery, Hartsdale, New York.
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George & Ira Gershwin at Westchester Hills Cemetery, Hastings on the Hudson, New York.
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Margaret Hamilton was cremated in Dutchess County New York.
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Helen Hayes at Oak Hill Cemetery, Nyack, New York.
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Judy Holiday at Westchester Hills Cemetery, Hastings, NY.
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Andy Kaufman at Beth David Cemetery, Elmont,Long Island, New York.
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Danny Kaye at Kensico Cemetery, Vahalla. New York.
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Bob Captain Kangaroo Keeshan at Saint Joseph's Cemetery, Babylon, New York.
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Alan King at Mount Hebron Cemetery, Flushing, New York.
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John Lennon was cremated in New York City.
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Sal Mineo at Gate of Heaven Cemetery, Hawthorne, New York.
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Maureen O'Sullivan at Most Holy Redeemer Cemetery, Niskayuna, New York
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Basil Rathbone at Ferncliff Cemetery, Hartsdale, New York.
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Hal Roach at Woodlawn Cemetery, Elmira, New York.
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Rod Serling at Interlaken Cemetery, Interlaken, New York.
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Ed Sullivan at Ferncliff Cemetery, Hartsdale, New York.
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Flo Ziegfeld at Kensico Cemetery, Valhalla, New York.
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<b>Researched NYC Maze characters some that will be added to NYDead.com in next few months</b>
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David Abercrombie
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Jacob Abrahams
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John Adams
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Samuel Adams
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Thomas Adams
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Scipio Africanus
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Edward Albee
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Peter Caesar Alberti
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Jean Allefonsce
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John Allen
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Stephen Allen (1821 & 1824)
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Theodosia Burr Alston
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Isaac Van Amburgh
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Othmar Ammann
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Governor Edmund Andros
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Albert Anselmi
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George Appo
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Benedict Arnold<p>
Herbert Asbury
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John Jacob Astor- Born in 1763<p>
John Jacob Astor IV-died on Titanic on April 15, 1912<p>
Leo Astor and Leo Lenox (stone lions)
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William Waldorf Astor 
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Louis Auster
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Benjamin Aymar
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Orville E. Babcock 
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Irving Bacheller
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Roger Baker
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Barberrie
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Djuna Barnes
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Phineas Taylor Barnum
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Isaac Barre
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Jacob Barsimson
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Lt. Col. Charles Baxter
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Ann Bayard<p>
Elizabeth Bayard<p>

Judith Bayard<p>

Hester Bayard<p>
Nicholas Byardt (Bayard) <p>
William Bayard
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Alfred Beach
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Abraham D. Beame
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Andrew Beekman
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Gerardus Beekman
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Jochem Beekman
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Wilhelmus Beekman aka William Beekman (1623-1707) 
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August Belmont, Sr.
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Park Benjamin
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Henry Bicker
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Edwin Binney
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Jack Binns
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Anthony Bleecker<p>
Leonard Bleecker<p>
Adrian Block
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Orison Blunt<p>
Herman Mynderts van den Bogaert
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Dominie Everardus Bogardus<p>
James Bogardus<p>
Jerry Bohan
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Hector Boiardi
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Solon Borglum 
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George S. Boutwell 
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Martin Bowe
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John Bowne
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Walter Bowne
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Captain Paul Boyton
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Brannan
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Jean de Brebeuf
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Francesco Giuseppe Bressani
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Edward Breuwen
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Henry Brevoort
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Benjamin H. Bristow 
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Henry Sands Brooks
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Abraham Brower
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Jacob Brown
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Nathan Brown
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Saul Brown
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William Brown
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William Cullen Bryant
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Daniel Buckley
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Dr. W. P. Buel
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George Burns
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Kit Burns
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Alfred Mosher Butts
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Matthew Buys
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Byram
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Thomas F Byrnes
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John Cabot
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Caesar (Vaarck's) 
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Franklin V. Canning
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Eddie Cantor
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Nathan Caplin- aka Kid Dropper -  aka Kaplan aka Jack the Dropper<p>
Al Capone
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Frank Capone
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Ralph Capone
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Vincenzo Capone
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Sir Guy Carleton
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Andrew Carnegie<p>
John Chambers
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Samuel de Champlain
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Pierre-Joseph Chaumonot
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Hendrick Christiaenzen
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Sybout Claesen
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Henry Clapp
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Dewitt Clinton
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George Clinton<p>
Tryntje Clock
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Jacob Cohen
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Lillie Hitchcock Coit<p>
Edward Coleman
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John Coleman - died Sept. 6, 1609
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John Colt
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Samuel Colt
<p>
Gerardus Comfort
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Betty Compton
<p>
Richard Connolly
<p>
Femimore Cooper<p>
Myles Cooper
<p>
Mrs Corlear's 
<p>
Lord Cornbury 
<p>
John G Coster
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Samuel Cox 
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Martin Crigier
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Davy Crockett
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Cuffee - Cuffee was executed in the 1741 New York Conspiracy
<p>
Andrew Culver
<p>
e.e. cummings
<p>
Provost Marshal William Cunningham 
<p>
Arendt van Curler
<p>
Peter T Curtenius
<p>


William Dampier 
<p>
Thomas Davenport
<p>
John Davis
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Mrs Day
<p>
Oliver De Lancey
<p>
Abraham De Peyster
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David De Vries
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William E. Dean
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Deganawidah
Delacroix<p>
Edward Delafield (May 17, 1794 - Feb. 13 1875)
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James Delancy<p>
Thomas Delavall<p>
John Delmonico
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Admiral Dewey
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Governor Thomas A. Dewey
<p>
William Dewitt
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Abraham De Peyster<p>

Johannes de Peyster<p>

Legs Diamond<p>
Walter Diemer
<p>
George Dieterich
<p>
Cornelius Dircksen<p>
Governor Dongan
<p>
Colen Donck
<p>
Thomas Downing
<p>
Sir Francis Drake 
<p>
Gertrude Drick
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Samuel Drisius- came to NYC in 1652<p>
James Duane
<p>
William Duer
<p>
David Duffore (also spelled Deffore, Devore, Devoor and De Voor) 
<p>

Thomas Edison<p>

Hamilton Fish<p>
Arthur Flegenheimer aka Dutch Schultz
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Hannah Franklin
<p>
Maria Franklin
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Walter Franklin
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Martin Frobisher
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Abraham Gallatin
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Gallus Mag<p>
Goo-goo Knox<p>

Alexander Hamilton <p>
Andrew Hammersly
<p>
Henry Janeway Hardenbergh
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John Hawkins
<p>
Robert Herring<p>

Cornelia Herring<p>
Hell-Cat Maggie<p>
Christian Hendricksen
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Robert Hodgson
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Henry Hudson
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Jan Huych<p>

Washington Irving<p>

Thomas Jefferson, and helped charter NYU in 1831.
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John the Turk
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William Samuel Johnson
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Burgher Jorisen
<p>
Robert Juet
<p>


Paul Kelly<p>
Captain William Kidd<p>
Willem Kieft<p>
Hans Kiersted
<p>
Jacob Kip 
<p>
Sebastian Jansen Krol<p>


Johannes La Montagne
<p>
Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia
<p>
John Lamb
<p>
Napoleon LeBrun
<p>
Thomas Leggett
<p>
Jacob Leisler<p>
Robert Lenox
<p>
Asser Levy
<p>

Leonard Lispenard<p>
Chancellor Livingston
<p>
Harry Longabaugh aka Sundance Kid
<p>
Thomas Lote<p>


Joseph B Martin
<p>
Cornelius May
<p>
Henry McCarty aka William H. Bonney aka Billy the Kid aka Kid Antrim was born in New York City in 1859 
<p>
Alexander McDougall
<p>
Johannes Megapolensis
<p>
Dominie Jonas Michaelius<p>
Stoffel Mighielsen<p>
Frances Moelmacker<p>
Jean Moreau<p>
Thijis Volckenz Mossel
<p>
Happy Jack Mulraney<p>


Christopher Newport
<p>
Matthias Nicholls<p>
Lt. Gov. Francis Nicholson<p>
Richard Nicolls<p>

Mayor George Opdyke <p>
Jacob L Orange
<p>
Samuel Osgood
<p>
Edward Osterman aka Monk Eastman <p>


Robert Leroy Parker - aka Butch Cassidy 

<p>
Etta Place
<p>
Bill Poole (Bill the Butcher) <p>

Nat Prime
<p>


Robert Randall<p>
Cornelis Rijser
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Tom Riley<p>
John Davison Rockefeller <p>
Juan (Jan) Rodrigues
<p>
Adam Roelanstsen
<p>
Jacobus Roosevelt
<p>
John Roosevelt<p>
Benjamin Rush
<p>
Peter Rutgers<p>

Jean Rutgers<p>

Anthony Rutgers<p>

Alice Rutgers<p>

Sadie the Goat<p>
Catherine Schuyler - born in 1734<p>
Elizabeth Schuyler
<p>
Major General Phillip Schuyler
<p>
Isaac Sears
<p>
Samuel Staats
<p>
Ferdinand Steinmeyer<p>
John Stevens
<p>
Alexander T. Stewart
<p>

Dylan Thomas-November 1953
<p>
Samuel J. Tilden
<p>
Boss William Marcy Tweed<p>
Lambert van Tweenhuysen
<p>

Johannes Van Brugh
<p>
John Van Cortlandt<p>
Adriaen Van Der Donck
<p>
Hendrick Van Dyck
<p>
Colonel John Van Rensselaer
<p>
Cornelius Van Steenwyck<p>
Cornelis Van Tienhoven<p>
Adrian Vanderdonck
<p>
Jacob Hendricksen Varravanger
<p>
Judith Verlett<p>
Abraham Verplanck - born 1606  died 1690<p>

Giovanna Di Verrazzano aka Giovanni de Verrazano (Da Verrazzano) 
<p>
Arnout Vogels
<p>

Daniel Webster <p>
Mary Jane West 
<p>
Ann White<p>
Capt. Thomas White<p>
Stephen Whitney
<p>
Molly Williams<p>
Thomas Willett<p>
Fernando Wood<p>
Peter Zenger<p>


start here to add to alphabetical list


Edgar Allen Poe
<p>
Jack Kerouac
<p>
Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald
<p>
William Sydney Porter aka O. Henry
<p>
Dylan Thomas 
<p>
John Sloan
<p>

Betty Turner
<p>
William Glackens
<p>
Henrietta "Hetty" Howland Robinson Green
<p>
Victoria Woodhull
<p>
Ann Lohman
<p>
Sylvia Green
<p>


Peter B Sweeny
<p>
Mayor Abraham Oakey Hall
<p>
James H. Ingersoll
<p>
Samuel J. Tilden
<p>
Thomas Nast
<p>
Matthew J. O'Rourke
<p>
John Kellum
<p>
Leopold Eidlitz
<p>
Richard Varick 
<p>
Albert Gallatin
<p>
Robert Fulton
<p>
Alexander Hamilton
<p>
William Seward 
<p>
Hamilton Fish  
<p>

Abraham Gouverneur
<p>
Peter Minuit
<p>
Bastiaen Jansz Krol
<p>

Willem Kieft
<p>

Jacob Sharp
<p>
John Mason
<p>
Rufus Porter
<p>
Elijah McCoy
<p>

Henry T. Gratacap
<p>
Arthur Wynne
<p>


Francis Lovelace
<p>
Esteban Gomez- born 1478 died spring 1538
<p>
Thomas Jefferson
<p>
Benjamin Franklin
<p>
Samuel Leggett
<p>
George Washington
<p>
Ulysses S. Grant
<p>
Theodore Roosevelt - born October 27, 1858 in New York City
<p>
Franklin D. Roosevelt -  born in 1882 
<p>
Goovert Loockerman
 
<p>
Alfred E. Smith
<p>
Fiorello LaGuardia
<p>
James J. Walker
<p>
Robert F. Wagner Jr.
<p>
John V. Lindsay
<p>

John Fitch
<p>
Stephen Foster 
<p>
Edgar Allan Poe 
<p>
Governor Wouter Van Twiller
<p>
Governor Richard Nicolls
<p>
Governor Peter Minuit
<p>
John Underwood
<p>

Cornelius Melyn
<p>

Francesco Vigo
<p>
Philip Mazzei
<p>
Richard Talliaferro
<p>
Jeremiah Thompson
<p>
Henry Highland Garnett
<p>
John Simmons
<p>
John Jay
<p>
James Madison
<p>
James Wilson
<p>


Oscar Tschirky
<p>
Benjamin Franklin
<p>

Nikola Tesla
<p>
Virginia Woolf
<p>
Jack London
<p>
John Hertz
<p>
Theodore Roosevelt
<p>

Charles Lindbergh
<p>
Edna St Vincent Millay
<p>
J. Scott Hartley
<p>
John Reed
<p>
T.S. Elliot
<p>
John Masefield
<p>
Emma Lazarus
<p>
Herman Melville
<p>
Mickey Spillane

<p>
Thomas Paine 

<p>
Thomas Jefferson
<p>
Herbert Levi Osgood
<p>
Lawrence Henry Gipson
<p>

Joseph D. Pistone
<p>
John Wojtowicz
<p>
Joe Kennedy

<p>
Abraham Lincoln
<p>
Robert E. Lee
<p>
Peter Koch
<p>
Signor Martini di Arma di Taggia

<p>

Jacob Leisler

<p>

Stephanus Van Cortlandt
<p>
Jean Vigne
<p>
Harmanus Rutgers
<p>
Jean Rutgers
<p>
Ann White
<p>

John Heperding
<p>
Peter Schermerhorn
<p>


Governor Colonel Benjamin Fletcher
<p>
William Vesey 
<p>
Benjamin Moore 
<p>
Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright 
<p>
Samuel Provoost
<p>
Oceanus Hopkins 
<p>
Isaac Low 
<p>

William A. Richardson 
<p>


Leonardo Nole 
<p>

Walter Winchell
<p>

Fernand Petiot
<p>

Commodore Nutt

<p>


Robert Moses

<p>
Edward Ridley

<p>
Mayor C Godfey Gunther
<p>

Mayor Jimmy Walker
<p>

Hendrick Van Dyck
<p>


Hendrick Rycken
<p>
Johannes La Montagne

<p>
Hans Kierstede 
<p>
Peter van der Linde 
<p>

Prince Henry
<p>

Coenrat Ten Eyck
<p>
Ben Johnson
<p>
Adam Roelantsen 
<p>
Anthony Van Fees
<p>


Harry Venn
<p>
David Provost
<p>

Sandy Welsh

<p>
Isaiah Rynders 

<p>
Evertsen  
<p>
Adrian Van Laar

<p>
Arent Isaacksen
<p>

Pieter Winster

<p>
Coenraet Ten Eyck
<p>

Abel Hardenbrook
<p>


Carsten Luerse
<p>

Dirck Van der Clyff
<p>

Joris Marschalk

<p>
Adrian Hoighlandt
<p>

Governor Robert Hunter
<p>
Cryn Frederickz van Lobbrecht (Cryn Fredericks)

<p>
Willem Kieft
<p>
Groot Manuel de Gerrit
<p>

Captain Isaiah Rynders
<p>
John Kelly
<p>

W. T. Havemeyer
<p>

Daniel Ludlow
<p>
Andrew Mortier
<p>

Thomas Hickey
<p>
General James Wolfe 
<p>

Governor Francis Lovelace
<p>
Captain John Van Arsdale
<p>


Henry Clay Frick
<p>
John Morton
<p>
Jay Gould
<p>

Mayer Amschel Rothschild

<p>


Hendrick Hendriksen Kip

<p>

Arthur James Weise
<p>
Casimir Goerck


<p>
 
Resolve Waldron
<p>


Jacob bar Simson
<p>
Abraham de Lucena
<p>


Aarom Sinsheimer

<p>
Samuel Lord

<p>
Rowland Hussey Macy
<p>
John Wanamaker
<p>
Frank Winfield Woolworth

<p>
Marshall Field
<p>
Jonas Michaelius
<p>

Jean Mousnier de la Montagne
<p>

Henry Goldfoggle
<p>
Hendricksen Varravanger
<p>

Samuel Staats 
<p>

Annetje Jans
<p>

Dirck Van Clift
<p>

Isaiah Rogers  
<p>
 John Ericsson
<p>

Chaplain John Sharpe

<p>
Bishop Charles Inglis
<p>
William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham
<p>

Captain Manning
<p>


Prince - Prince was executed in the 1741 New York Conspiracy
<p>
Quack - Prince was executed in the 1741 New York Conspiracy
<p>


Frank Henry Fleer 
<p>


John Taylor Johnston
<p>
Jacob Steendam
<p>


Ralph Waldo Emerson
<p>

Nathaniel Hawthorne 
<p>
Washington Irving 
<p>
Jan Gillisen 
<p>
Benjamin Moore
<p>


Asser Levy van Swellem
<p>

Gouverneur Morris
<p>


Joshua Forman
<p>
James Geddes
<p>

General Philip Schuyler
<p>
Captain Peter Warren 
<p>
James Jauncey
<p>


John Stevens, III 

<p>
General James Wolfe
<p>
Gerritsen

<p>
Jacob Sperry
<p>

 John Jones


<p>
Lorenzo Da Ponte
<p>

William Pitt, Earl of Chatham
<p>

Philip Embury (1728-1773) 

<p>

William Hamilton
<p>
John Scudder
<p>
Francis W. Olmsted

<p>
Sandy Welsh
<p>
Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827)
<p>


 John Kearney Rodgers (1793-1851)
<p>

Monroe Rosenfeld
<p>

Burger Jorrison
<p>

Albert De Groot  (1813&#8211;1884)

<p>
Walt Whitman
<p>


Horace Greeley

<p>


Gennaro Lombardi
<p>
Antonio Totonno Pero
<p>

Richard Sackett
<p>
Isaac de Rasiere

<p>

Adriaen Jorise Theinpont

<p>
 Theyebdabegea aka Joseph Brant
<p>


<p>

Hiawatha
<p>
Gerrit Jansen
<p>


Jan Gybertsen
<p>

Bowdoin Hendrick (Boudewijn Hendricksz)
<p>


Francois Molemacker
<p>

Alonso de Ojeda
<p>
Amerigo Vespucci
<p>
Martin Waldseem&#252;ller
<p>

O'Keefe
<p>

Jan de Wit

<p>

John Sebring

<p>

Richard Ingoldsby

<p>
Henry Sloughter
<p>
Nathaniel Pitcher

<p>


Cornelis Melyn
<p>
Adriaen van der Donck
<p>
Kiliaen Van Rensselaer
<p>
Isaac Jogues

<p>


Simon Le Moyne 
<p>

Claes Groen 
<p>
Pieter Lieresen
<p>
Dirck Storm

<p>


Abraham Oakey Hall
<p>
Richard Nicolls 
<p>
William Havemeyer 
<p>

William F. Havemeyer 
<p>
Fernando Wood
<p>

John McComb Jr.

<p>
 Jonathan Williams
<p>

King George
<p>
President Ronald Reagan
<p>

Ezra Fitch
<p>

Benjamin Guggenheim
<p>
Charles Joughin
<p>
Isidor Straus
<p>
Ida Straus
<p>

Frederic Kimber Seward
<p>

Frederic Kimber Seward
<p>
Dorothy Gibson
<p>
Maurice Levin
<p>
Jacob M. Kaplan
<p>
William Niblo
<p>
Alfred Ochs
<p>

Pat Matthews
<p>
General Sandford
<p>
Mose Humphries
<p>
Jacob Riis
<p>

Franchoys Fezard
<p>
Captain Edmund Fanning
<p>

Zophar Mills
<p>
Samuel Willets
<p>
William B Wood
<p>

Cornelius Van Wyck Lawrence (1834&#8211;1837), 
<p>

Isaac L Varian (1839&#8211;1841), 
<p>
Daniel F Tiemann (1858&#8211;1860), 
<p>
C Godfrey Gunther (1864&#8211;1866) 
<p>
William H Wickman (1875&#8211;1876).
<p>
Elijah Purdy
<p>
Robert Morris
<p>
Lorenzo Sheppard
<p>
Rococo Levi 
<p>
Sandy Welsh

<p>
Thomas Willett
<p>


Abraham DePeyster
<p>

David Provost
<p>
Fiorello H. LaGuardia
<p>
James J. Walker
<p>
George B. McClellan Jr.
<p>
Robert F. Wagner Jr.


<p>

Rosanna Peers
<p>

Mickey the Pilot.
<p>
Pete Williams
<p>
Harrington
<p>

Charles Dickens
<p>
Abraham Lincoln
<p>
Russian Grand Duke
<p>

General William Worth
<p>

Henry Petty
<p>
Lewis M. Pease
<p>


Frenchy
<p>

Jack Madill.
<p>

Tommy Hadden
<p>

Bill Slocum
<p>
Sadie the Goat
<p>


 Nicholas Saul
<p>
William Howlett
<p>
Charley Monell 
<p>
Kate Flannery
<p>
Slobbery Jim
<p>
Patsy the Barber
<p>

Frank Nitto
<p>


Frankie Yale  (Ioele or Uale)
<p>
 John Torri
<p>
Lena Galluccio 
<p>
Frank & Galluch& Galluccio
<p>
Lucky Luciano
<p>
Arthur (Criss-Cross) Finnegan
<p>
Dinny Meehan
<p>
Wild Bill Lovett 
<p>
Frankie Yale  (Francesco Ioele)
<p>
Paolo Vaccarelli (Paul Kelly)
<p>
Arnold Rothstein
<p>

John Scalise
<p>
Joseph Giunta
<p>
Charles Lucky Luciano
<p>
 James T Ellison aka Biff, and Pat Riley aka Razor
<p>


Jack McGurn
<p>

William S Pontin
<p>
Joseph G. Siegel 
<p>
Stanford White (1853-1906)

<p>
Bessie White
<p>
William Rhinelander Stewart
<p>
Mrs. Stuyvesant Fish

<p>

J. Pierpont Morgan
<p>

Harry K. Thaw

<p>

Stanford White.
<p>


George Shaw
<p>
 Jacob Shaw
<p>
John Lysaight
<p>

John Sickles
<p>
John Orchard
<p>
Johann Lampo
<p>
Lamarcus Thompson 
<p>


Walter Knott

<p>


Nathan Handwerker
<p>
Harry Stevens
<p>
Anton Ludwig Feuchtwanger
<p>
Fred C. Trump
<p>
LaMarcus Adna Thompson
<p>
Mike "Thunderbolt" Norton
<p>


 Janton
<p>
Walt Whitman
<p>
Herman Melville
<p>
Daniel Webster 
<p>

Washington Irving
<p>
Edgar Allan Poe. 
<p>
Charles I. D. Looff
<p>
Weber
<p>
Vandeveer
<p>
Balmer
<p>
Benjamin Palmer
<p>
Minefer
<p>
Mikhail Gorbachev
<p>
President Reagan
<p>

Hutton
<p>

Verplanck
<p>
Gerard Kramer
<p>
Maugis Vumenot
<p>
Jimmy Durante
<p>

Ida Handwerker
<p>
Mesier
<p>
Pieter Jansen
<p>
Jan Vinge
<p>
Paul Sommer
<p>


Sam Francis
<p>
William Walton
<p>
Harmanus Rutgers II
<p>
Harmanus Rutgers Ill
<p>
Oloff Van Cortlandt
<p>
Etienne De Lancey
<p>
Robert Todd
<p>
Jacobus Kip
<p>
Andries Maerschalck
<p>

Dolley Payne (Dolley Madison)
<p>
 James Madison
<p>
Captain Thomas Preston
<p>
Eliza Bowen Jumel
<p>
Silas Wood
<p>

John Elkin
<p>
Andrew Hopper
<p>
Thos. Scurlock 
<p>
Eve Scurlock 
<p>
Dugdale and Searles
<p>


<b>NYC Maze characters bios (work in progress)</b>
<p>
Peter Stuyvesant - The first stop for the boat the Great Crow (Groote Gerrit) was Curacao, and Peter Stuyvesant arrived in NYC on May 11 1647. Also on board was his wife Judith.  
During Peter Stuyvesants rule, travellers were allowed to buy anything at anytime for economic reasons. Stuyvesant's 1653 wall replaced the old animal wall, with sharpened 16 foot logs, that were secured 4 feet deep. Starting just north of Wall and Pearl, it stretched to the Hudson river, and turned south till the northwestern side of Trinity graveyard.  Stuyvesant created the first real jail in NYC, inside Fort Amsterdam in 1653.  Stuyvesants plan enlarged and fortified the canal (which became Broad Street) to Beaver Street. Ironicly thats where Stuyvesant last stood as the final Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam. Stuyvesant established the NYC's first Poorhouse at 21-23 Beaver Street in 1653. Stuyvesant cared alot for the protection of New Amsterdam against fire, in 1653, he hired four fire wardens to inspect all the buildings in town, also organizing a paid police force of 8 men. Peter Stuyvesant also authorized a municipal wharf, at Pearl and Moore. Peter Stuyvesant lost his right leg, fighting the Portuguese in the West Indies.  Besides rebuilting the crumbling fort, Peter Stuyvesant also started the Rattle Watch, and made sure chimneys were built better (no more wooden ones). Peter Stuyvesant, opened a free school at the Stadt Huys. The first hospital was opened during Peter Stuyvesant's 16 years in office. Stuyvesant built a fence in 1653, along the North side of Wall Street. This 12 foot wooden stockade wall was removed by 1699. Peter Stuyvesant wanted to fight but the town had other ideas, like giving peace a chance. So Stuyvesant brokered a peace deal with the British Navy without firing a shot. Haystacks seemed to cause many fires, so it was the first thing they moved out of town after after Peter Stuyvesant built the Wall street wall. After surrendering to the British in 1664, Peter Stuyvesant marched with Dutch soldiers to the beat of loud drums, down Beaver Street to the Broad Street canal , where the rowboat took him to where his boat to Holland was docked. Cura&#231;ao emerged as a center of the slave trade, and was the most valuable of the 3 islands (due to its deep water harbor) the Dutch seized in 1633. In 1638, Peter Stuyvesant became the governor of Curacao.
<p>
On Dec. 31 1655, Peter Stuyvesant made the following laws. The first offense of firing of guns or just beating a drum was 12 guilders, 24 for the second, and arbitrary correction for the 3rd offense. Planting a May-pole was prohibited, maypole celebrations often got out of control, so they were banned. 
Peter Stuyvesant enacted laws on Jan. 25 1658, that made playing tennis during church service hours illegal, and outlawed the sick game of pulling the goose. 
Peter Stuyvesant tried to end the Indian wampum currency and substitute Dutch coins, but the Dutch company disagreed and did not want the valuable coins lost in the New World.
<p>
With 7 ships and 600 to 700 men, Peter Stuyvesant retook Fort Casimir in New Sweden up the Delaware River, on September 11, 1655, and by September 25th Fort Christina in New Sweden surrendered. 
Peter Stuyvesant had to pay the Indians gunpowder and lead as ransom for 100 women & children held captive for 2 years after 1655.  28 farms were destroyed in the Peach war, and 40 citizens were killed.   
Peter Stuyvesant called his mansion at the watery end of Whitehall Street, Government House.
More famous than Whitehall was Peter Stuyvesant Bouwerij (farm) where he retired during English rule.
Music legend Loudon Wainwright III, and son Rufus Wainwright were related to Peter Stuyvesant.
Judith Bayard was the sister of Peter Stuyvesant's brother-in-law Samuel Bayard who was married to Peter's sister, Anna Stuyvesant.  Peter and Judith had 2 kids, both boys, Balthasar Lazarus in 1647 and Nicolaes Willem in 1648.
Judith Bayard Stuyvesant, was born in Holland, but died in New York in 1687. Judith Bayard Stuyvesant's father was French protestant Balthazar Bayard.  
It was while Peter Stuyvesant was Governor of Curacao in the West Indies, that he lost his leg. Curacao and Saint Martin were the only two Spanish colonies that the Dutch had conquored successfully. The Dutch failed when they attempted to take over Puerto Rico. Dutch Brazil had all territory from Cabo de Santo Agostinho in the south to Rio Grande in the north. The Dutch held Bahia (Salvador), Brazil from 1624&#8211;1625, but a Portuguese revolt forced the Dutch to surrender in 1654.
Peter Stuyvesant's wife was named Judith Bayard Stuyvesant, she was born in Holland, and died in New York in 1687, Judith was the sister of Samuel Bayard. Anna Bayard was Stuyvesant's widowed sister who sailed with her 4 kids on the same boat that brought Peter to NYC. Balthazar Johannes Stuyvesant was Peter Stuyvesant father.
Peter Stuyvesant's son Nicholas William was born in 1648, and died in 1698. Nicholas married Maria Beckman, the daughter of William Beckman. Peter Stuyvesant's son, Balthazar Stuyvesant signed the petition with 92 other NYC citizens to surrender NYC to the British without bloodshed. Peter Stuyvesant yielded eventually after proclaiming I would rather be carried to my grave.  Augustus van Horne Stuyvesant, Jr. was the last direct descendant to Peter Stuyvesant.
Cannon salutes were only used for important arrivals, they almost used up all their gunpowder to mark Peter Stuyvesant's arrival.
On March 24, 1653, Stuyvesant made the first Wednesday of each month, a fast and prayer day.
Peter Stuyvesant used the militia and the fort garrison to wage war on the Swedes who were living off the Delaware river.
The Esopus Indians lived close to what is now Kingston, NY, when they started pillaging and burning the town Peter Stuyvesant sent soldiers. The Esopus Indians were the last Indian tribe to go on the warpath during Dutch rule.
Too many gardens were listed on the city plans. All the gardens inside the wall seemed to make the directors in Amsterdam mad. A more compact use of land would be easier to control and more economical, they claimed and admonished Peter Stuyvesant.
<p>

 Judith Bayard Stuyvesant - Peter Stuyvesant's wife was named Judith Bayard Stuyvesant, she was born in Holland, and died in New York in 1687, Judith was the sister of Samuel Bayard. Judith Bayard was Peter Stuyvesant's wife, they had no daughters.
<p>

Christopher Colles - In 1774, Christopher Colles created NYC's first log pipeline, reservoir and pumping station on White Street, just East of Broadway. Christopher Colles built a sterm engine in 1787, for a steamboat in the Collect Pond, but it was to big.
<p>


Aaron Burr -  Aaron Burr ended up pennyless, he did not start his life that way. Born in Newark, New Jersey, on February 6, 1756. In 1769, Burr schooled at the College of New Jersey (Princeton University). His parents both died when he was 2 years old in 1758, his older sister (2 years older) Sally and Aaron lived with his grandparents who also died of yellow fever in 1758. 
<br>
At 19 years old he was fighting in the the Continental Army at the 1775 Battle of Quebec. The winter was deadly for the 1,100 men crossing Maine, living on dogs, reptiles and their own shoes.
<br>
 Burr's first law practice was in Albany in 1782. 
<br>
When Burr was only 20 years old, he worked writing letters for George Washington, but after 6 weeks of working with the Commander in Chief, he resigned to go back to the front lines of the war. Washington never trusted him again.
<br>
A brigade commanded by the late General Silliman was taken by General Knox to defend the small Bunker Hill fort at Grand and Lafeyette streets. The British cut off the Island 3 miles north which halted General Knox's willingness to heed Washington's order to retreat to Harlem Heights.  Aid-de-camp to General Putnam, Major Aaron Burr rescued this brigade on Monday September 16, 1776. 
<br>
Burr married his first widow, Theodosia Prevost who gave birth to his daughter Theodosia Bartow Burr in 1783. Theodosia Prevost died in 1794.
<br>
While Thomas Jefferson was Secretary of State he lived on Maiden Lane, Aaron Burr also lived on Maiden Lane before in 1797.
<br>
 When Burr defeated General Philip Schuyler for Senator (1791-1797), he started the snowball rolling with Schuyler's son in law Alexander Hamilton. 
<br>
While Burr was a Senator from NY, he wanted access to historical archives to write the History of the Revolutionary War of America, George Washington had Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson block his access to this restricted library. Aaron Burr's journalist urges were calmed after he started the New York Morning Chronicle on October 1, 1802, which had articles by Washington Irving, and was edited by his brother Peter Irving. 
<br>
Burr had two duels with John Church in 1799.
<br>
Aaron Burr's 1799 Manhattan Company's reservoir was located on the north side of Chambers between Elk and Centre, in front of its well (on the west side of Centre Street between Reade &  Duane) by the southern side of the Little Collect Pond. 
<br>

The duel with Hamilton was due to multiple reasons; they were long-standing political rivals and personal enemies for years; Hamilton was angered by Burrs using the towns fresh water supply to start a rival bank in 1799; When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804 as an independent candidate, and Hamilton opposed his candidacy (using rumors and slander in the press), Hamilton attacked and ruined Burr's bid, which made Morgan Lewis governor of New York from 1804-1807; Hamilton's interference prevented Burr from being President, instead of a Vice President (1801-1805).  
<br>
The Richmond Hill mansion was first called the Mortier House, was built between Varick, Charlton, MacDougal, and King streets, by the Paymaster of the British Army, Andrew Mortier.
<br>
Before the Battle of Long Island, George Washington slept here, it was his NYC residence starting on April 13th, 1776 (Washington used the mansion at #1  as his headquarters as well).
<br>
Between June 1789 until August 1790, Richmond Hill was the official residence of John Adams when he was Vice President.  Burr rescued General Knox's brigade on September 16, 1776. Burr was an aide to George Washington (writing speeches for 6 weeks), and met him time to time at Richmond Hill. Burr then became the aide-de-camp to General Israel Putnam. Washington left Richmond Hill before he retreated to Harlem Heights around September 13, 1776, when he moved uptown to the Roger Morris mansion (later called the Jumel Mansion).
<br>
One of the last of the British officers who took over the Richmond Hill mansion was Sir Guy Carleton, the last commander of the British Army.  After 1783, when the British left NYC, the Richmond Hill mansion was left abandoned.
<br>
In 1794, Burr moved up to the 1760 Richmond Hill mansion on a high hill between Varick, Charlton, King and MacDougal streets. Burr widened the part of the stream that ran down Charlton street by creating a dam on the Manetta stream which created a waterway known as Burrs pond. Burr lived at Richmond Hill until 1804.
<br>
After 7 years of leasing the Richmond Hill from the Episcopal Trinity Church (for peanuts), and dueling Alexander Hamilton, Burr transfered the 69 year lease of Richmond Hill to the original John Jacob Astor (who made a killing when real estate in the neighborhood boomed). In 1820 John Jacob Astor moved the mansion to the southeast corner of Varick and Charlton streets (about 100 feet east of Varick to be exact).
<br>
In 1822 the Richmond Hill mansion opened as a summer resort. In 1831, the mansion was converted to a fashionable theatre called the Richmond Hill Theatre, in 1832, the theatre featured Italian Operas. Before it was torn down in 1849, Richmond Hill ended its historic journey as the Tivoli Gardens.
<br>
Madame Eliza Bowen Jumel - French Caribbean plantation owner Stephen Jumel (who made his fortune as a wine merchant) bought it from British Colonel Roger Morris (who built Mount Morris as a summer retreat for him and his wife Mary Philipse) in 1810. Stephen's wife Madame Eliza Bowen Jumel was a former prostitute married him in 1804, and left him almost penniless by 1822, but she returned to NYC from Paris to try to regain their fortune. Stephen Jumel joined her 6 years later where they lived comfortable until he died at 70 years old from an accidental  fall.
George Washington took over the Morris-Jumel Mansion between September 14 and October 20, 1776.
Aaron Burr married Madame Eliza Jumel and lost her money in a scheme to create a German colony in Texas. The marriage soon collapsed. Eliza Jumel died alone on July 16, 1865, at 92 years old.
<br>

After looking at his spectacles in his attendants hands, Aaron Burr's last word from his death bed in Port Richmond, Staten Island was Madame (referring to Madame Jumel, who he wanted to get the glasses).
<br>

Hamilton opened his 1783 law office at his home at 33 Wall Street then at 58 or 67 Wall Street from 1783-1790. Burr found one nearby at 10 Cedar street, and lived upstairs. Burr had numerous law office locations on Nassau Street, at 9, 23 or 73 Nassau Street (many just cubbyholes in size). When he was 78 and married Madame Jumel his law office was at 23 Nassau and he lived in Jersey City. A later Burr law office location was by the Collect Pond, at 11 Reade street, just west of Centre street, this location was right across from the main water pump of his Manhattan Company. 
<br>
In 1799, when Burr started the Manhattan Company scheme to open up a bank (which opened 6 months later) that opposed Hamilton's Federalist Bank of New York (which only gave loans to Federalist's),  he was a member of the New York Assembly.  Using the scare of yellow fever, Burr pushed his own companies water bill through the Legislature through political manipulation which got the approval of Governor Jay. Citizens became angered when they realized the real purpose of the Manhattan Company, and many never trusted him again (he was defeated at the following election). By 1840, the Manhattan Company had 25 miles of wooden pipes and fourteen miles of iron pipes, working 3 feet under street level. The water was raised from underground wells and springs by a steam pump, and stored 15 feet above the level of nearby Broadway. The huge water tank took up 3/4 of a building that was formerly on the corner of Reade and Centre streets. Smaller lateral pipes ran from the main water pipes to the houses that paid the $10 fee (besides the monthly water bills). The supply was far from pure or wholesome, often polluted water from the Collect pond contaminated the water, whose pipes were often leaking or totally offline. Croton water came to NYC's rescue in 1842.
<br>
Aaron Burr introduced the widowed Dolley Payne to James Madison, the fourth President of the United States. Mrs. Payne ran a boarding house in Philadelphia (the Capital at the time), where Aaron Burr and Thomas Jefferson roomed during the George Washington administration.
<br>
Burrs trial for treason in 1807
<br>
Burr was broke and exiled in Paris until he was 55 years old.
<br>
Aaron Burr re-opened up his NYC law offices at the age of 55, after returning from exile in 1812. His daughter Theodosia, who sailed on the schooner Patriot from Georgetown South Carolina was lost at sea to the storms or the pirates.
<br>
When he was 77, Burr's old friends moved him to the John Jay House on Bowling Green, after his health and spirit were broken after his 4 month marriage to Madame Jumel (July 1st, 1833 - Oct 1833). The last years of Burr's life, he spent in poverty. Shortly after the John Jay House was torn down in 1836, Burr died obscure and pennyless. Burr's final days were in Port Richmond (then called Mersereau's Ferry), Staten Island, he died on September 14th, 1836, at the ripe old age of 80. Aaron Burr was buried in the college grounds in Princeton, NJ.
Alexander Hamilton's branch of Government (Federalist Party) was pro-British,  Aaron Burr's party (Republicans) was pro-France.

<p>

Alexander Hamilton - Alexander Hamilton was born illegitimate and escaped being a pennyless orphan by coming to NYC. Americas first Secretary of the Treasury left the West Indies when he was 12 and went to NYC to be educated at Kings College. Elizabeth Schuyler married Alexander Hamilton in 1780. The Schuyler's were one of the distinguished families in NYC, which put Hamilton at the top of NYC society. By 1782 Hamilton was elected a member of the Continental Congress. 
Hamilton tried to ruin John Adams Presidency and stop Thomas Jefferson run for President in 1800, but after the Federalist House of Representatives deadlocked, he pushed for Jefferson over Burr. Burr ran for Governor of New York, and Hamilton opposed his candidacy, using rumors and slander Hamilton attacked and ruined Burrs bid, and supported Morgan Lewis.  
Alexander Hamilton founded the first US Bank in 1784, it was the Bank of New York.
As 49 year old Hamilton lay dieing in a house on Jane Street, he told the preist that he had no ill-will against Col. Burr, and refused to harm him. After a handwritten note of Hamilton's death was tacked up at the Tontine Coffee House, 335 merchants and stockbrokers agreed with the common council to wear a black armband for 30 days. In 1691, Andrew Hamilton tried to establish a postal service for all the colonies.
Alexander Hamilton was 32 when he organized the writers of the Federalist papers. Hamilton wrote the most articles (over 50) out of the bunch.
Fort Hamilton in Brooklyn was named for the first Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, its troops helped put down the New York Draft Riots of 1863
Fla., Ill., Ind., Kan., Neb., N.Y., Ohio and Tenn. all have Hamilton counties named after Alexander Hamilton.
Alexander Hamilton's branch of the government was fiercely pro-England, while the Republicans were pro-France.

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James Bogardus - James Bogardus erected cast iron buildings, shot towers and fire towers. A 10 sided, 4 story (125 feet) cast iron watchtower was built in 1853, at 253 Spring by Bogardus, just East of Varick by the end of the pre 6th ave MacDougal street. His first cast iron watchtower was built on 9th Avenue at West 33rd Street in 1851. James Bogardus's McCullough (1855) and Tatham Brothers (1856) shot towers were built with masonry walls around freestanding iron frame skeletons, very prophetic of Manhattans famous skyscrapers to come. The McCullough Shot Tower was at 63-65 Centre Street between Pearl and Worth. This 11 story 175 foot high tower was built in 1855, in only 3 months. The 10 year location of the Eccentric Mill Works (1849-1859) was by the Collect Pond at Duane and Worth, which was another metal framed structure built by James Bogardus. It was taken down to widen Duane Street.  Franklin Square (Pearl and Cherry by Dover) was the location of Harper and Brothers (book publishers) building (1854-1920) also built by James Bogardus. Franklin Square (Pearl and Cherry by Dover) was the location of Harper and Brothers (book publishers) building (1854-1920) at 331 Pearl Street. This 1854 Harper and Brothers building was also built by James Bogardus.
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Bill Poole (Bill the Butcher) - Member of the Bowery Boys who got his start as a Bowery B'hoy.
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Hell-Cat Maggie- Maggie ran with the Whyos, she filed her front teeth before battle, using her brass fingernails.
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Sadie the Goat- Queen of the head butt who hung around the docks of 4th Wards Water Street with the Charlton Street Gang
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Goo-goo Knox- Goo-goo left the Gophers( A Hells Kitchen gang with street tough Stumpy Malarkey) for the Hudson Dusters.
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Gallus Mag- Gallus Mag bit off Sadie the Goat ear, pickled it in a jar in the bar where she was the bouncer, and banished her from NYC
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Paul Kelly- Paul Kelly lead Five Pointers Gang, an early 1900 gang that launched the Gambino family
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Happy Jack Mulraney- Member of the Gophers who suffered from a partial paralysis of his facial muscles, which created his smile
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Kid Dropper- Nathan Caplin aka Kaplan aka Jack the Dropper. Jewish gang leader/Con artist extraordinaire, who was killed for fighting with new rival Jacob "Little Augie" Orgen over wet wash laundry workers.
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Legs Diamond- Member of the Hudson Dusters, whose members were mostly cocaine addicts from the Village who loved to rob the railroad depots
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Monk Eastman (Ostermann)- The Eastman Gang was a Jewish gang that was lead by Monk Eastman (Ostermann) who owned a pet store on Broome Street in the LES.
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Peter Rutgers- This brewer named Peter Rutgers, was one of the main overseers of the fire department. Peter Rutgers was first in the drivers seat on NYC's first 2 fire engines from London in 1731. Rutger's brewery was not on Stone street.  A family of brewers, the Rutgers included. Jean Rutgers, their forefather, had a brewery in the early 1650's.  Alice, daughter of Anthony Rutgers, married Leonard Lispenard, and one of the latter's sons (Anthony).
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John Roosevelt- That alderman was the second citizen to drive NYC's  first 2 fire engines from London in 1731.
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Orison Blunt - The Senior Republican on the Board of Supervisors. An Industrialist gun maker who invented the ancestor of the modern Gatling gun and  machine gun that was called the pepper box gun that was operated by a crank handle which could get off 70 shots per minute. President Lincoln tested it in Washington and then it was send to the front (where it was captured by the rebels). Orison Blunt after the war found it in a NYC junk shop and bought it back for $5.  He also invented the breech-loading cannon. Born in Gardiner, Maine in 1816.  His partner was William J Syms and they opened a gunsmith shop on Chatham street, and later moved to Broadway. Orison Blunt got into politics in 1853, by being elected Alderman of the Third ward.
Board of Supervisors members Orison Blunt, Boss Tweed and Mayor George Opdyke worked together to solve the draft riot problem. Police, firemen and state militiamen were to be exempt to protect NYC. 2 million dollars of bonds sold on Wall street created a fund to pay poor workmen (decided on a case by case basis) who could never afford the $300 commutation fee. These poor draftees would be tempted with $300 cash to join Lincoln's army. Orison Blunt and  Boss Tweed went on a secret mission in late August 1863, to the War Department in Washington D.C. to meet with secretary of war Edwin Stanton and the head of the draft James Barnet Fry (not Lincoiln). This meeting gave Tammany Hall through the Board of Supervisors the right to run Lincoln's NYC draft.
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Mayor George Opdyke - 

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Boss William Marcy Tweed-
Tweed was born at 1 Cherry street, close to where the Brooklyn Bridge is today. His father had a chair making business at 24 Cherry.
Tweed was born at 1 Cherry Street on April 3rd,1823. His father Richard Tweed who was a blacksmith on Rutgers street and his mother Eliza lived at 1 Cherry Street at the top of the hill. Boss William Marcy Tweed was the baby of his family, he had 2 older brothers and two older sisters.  Boss Tweed's first occupations were a chairmaker, a bookeeper for a saddle-maker and also kept books for a Pearl street manufacturer of brushes. At 21 years old blue eyed William Tweed married 17 year old Mary Jane Skaden in 1844, and moved into a top floor room in her fathers house at 193 Madison street.
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During the draft riots of 1863 Boss Tweed was Deputy Street Commissioner.
 Cherry Street and Pearl Street is no longer an intersection, due to the building of the Brooklyn Bridge, but it was near Tweeds birthplace. Tweed was a fireman, a member of the Big Six, but he became a corrupt politician. For six year after 1865, Tweed stole almost $200,000,000, starting the Panic of 1873. What a cover. 
Boss William Marcy Tweed built hospitals and orphanages, widened Broadway and got land for Metropolitan Museum of Art.  Tweed's mansion at 45th and Fifth avenue had a near by stable full of horses. John Jacob Astor and other rich New Yorkers signed a baseless certificate of character supporting Tweed (who was the third largest owner of Manhattan real estate).  Tweed owned two yachts, and a race horse, he could afford them his organization raked in 1-4 billion in todays dollars. Tweed's stickpin was ten and a half carats, he also wore a blue-white gem in his shirt. Some called him the Santa Claus with a diamond pin Almost 6 foot tall, Tweed was a 300 pound non smoking non drinking ringleader of corrupt city officials, law makers and contractors. Tweed's City Hall lunch club fed his organization using fraud, money-laundering and profit sharing. The Tweed Ring pillaged approximately $13 million in city funds and used the construction of the county courthouse as a pretext to embezzle millions of dollars. Commissioner of Public Works was one of Tweed's titles. Tweed controlled every office in the city government. Tweeds ring controlled the courts, legislature, treasury and the ballot boxes. Peter Sweeny, head of the Department of Parks was part of Tweeds City Hall lunch club that started his Ring of corruption called the Tammany Ring. Tweeds organization used money-laundering, and profit sharing to commit fraud with the help of Comptroller Richard Connolly. Upstate Republicans were bribed to maintain Tweeds system of honest graft, which also applied to Mayor A. Oakey Hall. Tweeds illicit profits made him the third biggest owner of NYC real estate, and a pal of Mayor John Hoffman.  After the prosecutors immense legal costs, Tweed alone became the scapegoat, but he was not the only one of the Ring that served time in jail (James H. Ingersoll spent 2 1/2 years in jail). Other Tweed Ring members were Sheriff Matthew Brennan,  Mayor John Hoffman, James Kelso, and James O'Brien.
Referring to Thomas Nasts cartoon images of himself, Tweed said My constituents do not know how to read, but they can not help seeing them damned pictures. Other quotes included: Nine men out of ten either know me or I know them; and As long as I count the votes, what are you going to do about it?  Boss Tweeds last words around noon on April 12, 1878 were I hope they are satisfied now. Tweeds last words were said right after he said Well, Tilden (Samuel Jones Tilden, the New York governor) and Fairchild (Charles Fairchild, the New York State attorney general) have killed me.  Tweed died April 12 of the same year (1878) in a debtors prison on Ludlow street, and was buried in Brooklyn's Green-Wood Cemetery.
Tweed said If I could have bought newspapermen as easily as I did members of the Legislature, I wouldn't be in the fix I am now. The Evening Post, tried to aid the Tweed ring, but it was too late. Tweed underestimated his enemies, and made a full confession (even admiting to things he was not even involved in). Ironically, Tweed was convicted in the structure (now called Tweed Courthouse at 52 Chambers) that he was responsible for building, on the south side of Chambers Street just west of Centre Street.  $250,000 was the amount of the original budget of the Tweed Courthouse, it ended up almost costing twice what United States spent to purchase Alaska in 1867.  It took 11 years (1861 -1872) to finish the Tweed Courthouse. During renovations of the Tweed Courthouse, in 1999 they removed the cast iron and 18 layers of paint as well as putting in new floors and roof.  The triangular open space at East Broadway and Canal Street, now known as Nathan Strauss square, was once called Rutgers square, but it also had Tweed's name on the space as well, when it was called Tweed Plaza. Henry Street and Gouverneur Street was the location of Engine #6, the fire station Tweed was in charge of. 
Board of Supervisors members Orison Blunt, Boss Tweed and Mayor George Opdyke worked together to solve the draft riot problem. Police, firemen and state militiamen were to be exempt to protect NYC. 2 million dollars of bonds sold on Wall street created a fund to pay poor workmen (decided on a case by case basis) who could never afford the $300 commutation fee. These poor draftees would be tempted with $300 cash to join Lincoln's army. Orison Blunt and  Boss Tweed went on a secret mission in late August 1863, to the War Department in Washington D.C. to meet with secretary of war Edwin Stanton and the head of the draft James Barnet Fry (not Lincoiln). This meeting gave Tammany Hall through the Board of Supervisors the right to run Lincoln's NYC draft.
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5,000 poor people gathered outside Tweed's son in law, Frederick Douglass's apartment at 68 E 77th street. Tweed's coffin was oak with oxydized silver handles, that was draped with black silk velvet on the outside and quilted white satin on the inside. 

Plot 6,477 was just north of the entrance to the cemetery

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Leonard Bleecker- One of the 24 stock brokers who started the stock exchange under a buttonwood tree at 68 Wall Street.
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Hamilton Fish-Named after family friend Alexander Hamilton, this Whig became Secretary of State under Ulysses S. Grant
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Molly Williams-  Molly Williams was the first female firefighter . Bucket brigader Molly Williams was a slave to member James Aymar. In 1818, when fireman were sick, she helped pull the old engine through the snow.  
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Lillie Hitchcock Coit,- In 1859, Lillie Hitchcock Coit, a NYC heiress tomboy ran with Knickerbocker Engine Company Number 5
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John Jacob Astor- Born in Waldorf Germany in 1763, his first NYC job was selling doughnuts, cakes and cookies to small NYC shops. Tired and uninspired from his first job, John Jacob Astor sold flutes from his older brother Peter who manufacturered musical instruments. John Jabob also sold cheap jewelry and beads on ships in port. He started working for Quaker Fur trader Robert Bowne who hired him for $2 a week to pound furs with sticks, salted them, and take them to the tanners. John started buying and selling furs and used profits from small fur sales to afford passage back to England to get more musical instruments. His toy and German nicknack store was in a wooden shanty at 362 Pearl Street, just North of Frankfort. John Jacob Astor was considered a market entrepreneur, as well as James J. Hill, John D. Rockefeller, Charles M. Schwab and Cornelius Vanderbilt. According to Burton W. Folsom, Jr., Astor was a political entrepreneur (businessperson who relied on deals with the government, rather than competing fairly).
John Jacob Astor made his fortune in the fur trade, real estate, and opium industries. John Jacob Astor had no scruples but was smart enough to keep firearms out of the sale, he did sell Indians firewater and flannel. In 1786, Astor started dealing directly with the Indians. Combated the British fur-trading monopoly in Canada with his own trading posts. The Jay Treaty opened up new markets in Canada and the Great Lakes region, and  John Jacob Astor made millions. Even more money came from his speculation in government securities as John Jacob Astor acquired large tracts of real estate in New York City with his opium profits. Between 1816-1818 Astor's American Fur Company bought and sold 10 tons of Turkish opium for a huge fortune which he used to buy up large amounts of land in NY.  John Jacob Astor traded furs, teas and sandalwood with Canton in China. In 1816, John Jacob Astor's American Fur Company bought ten tons of Turkish opium and shipped them to Canton on the Macedonian.

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Andrew Carnegie-   Andrew Carnegie's cheap and efficient mass production of steel rails for the railroad industry created U.S. Steel. Scottish-born American
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John Davison Rockefeller,-  John Davison Rockefeller was the most infamous robber barons whose monopolistic practices turned him around to become a Northern Baptist Philanthropist.  He was born in Richford, New York.
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John Jacob Astor IV - Astoria Hotel builder who went down with the Titanic on April 15, 1912, after putting his wife and unborn baby in a Lifeboat. He was born in Rhinebeck, New York.
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Daniel Webster- Lived at 19 Broadway
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Jean Moreau - planned a campaign against Napoleon, and lived at 119-121 Pearl in Captain William Kidd's old house.
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Captain William Kidd - In 1691, the Scotland born privateer Captain William Kidd (who had to be hanged twice) lived at the same address at 119-121 Pearl Street as Jean Moreau who planned a campaign against Napoleon. Other addresses of Captain William Kidd  were at 126 William street and 56 Wall Street. Kidd bought the 56 Wall street home from Governor Dongan when the Wall on Wall street was torn down.
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Abraham De Peyster- This NYC born city official and merchants statue stood in Hanover Square (he was first in Bowling Green and is heading to City Hall Park). Abraham De Peyster's three story mansion was built in 1690 on 178-180 Pearl street, between Cedar and Pine street. Abraham De Peyster was NYC's Mayor from 1692-1695.
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Johannes de Peyster - Johannes de Peyster was a Dutch Burgher in old NYC. Burghers and Freemen had the right to operate stores.
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Thomas Edison- Edison's Pearl Street station opened in 1882 at 255 and 257 Pearl Street. This generating station made his light bulb commercially viable enough to compete with gas (with in 1/2 mile). On April 23, 1896, Thomas Edison gave the first public demonstration of his Vitascope movie projector, in Koster & Bial, which was a concert hall that was once the former Manhattan Opera House owed by Oscar Hammerstein, Sr.
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Theodore Roosevelt- Teddy was born in a Brownstone at 28 E. 20th Street, NYC
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Nicholas Byardt (Bayard) - Elizabeth and Ann (Former name of Grand Street) were named after kids from Nicholas Bayard's 1st wife. The Downtown Ann was named after Mrs. Ann White, who was married to Capt. Thomas White a developer and merchant. Nicholas's daughter Hester married John Van Cortlandt. Judith was another Bayard daughter. Relative of the Stuyvesants, when Peter and his sister married Bayards. Nicholas owned Bayards farm and a house between Pearl and Stone (1 Hanover st) near Beaver & William. Nicholas Bayard came over with Peter Stuyvesant from Holland, he was a butcher and a brewer whose wife Judith Verlett, was once locked up in Hartford Conneticut as a witch. Nicholas Bayard was a strong opponent of Leisler, but was sentenced to death for treason by General Bellomont (reversed by English courts). Nicholas Bayard's daughter Hester married John Van Cortlandt.
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Robert Herring- Cornelia Street in 1794, was part of the farm of Robert Herring. He named the the street after his granddaughter Cornelia. Robert Herring's granddaughter was named Cornelia. Herring's farm (originally Harinck, and also spelled Haring) stretched beyond Broadway to the east of the farm which included Washington Square Park.
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Cornelius Dircksen- In 1638, Cornelius Dircksen's boat could be summoned by a toot from a horn that was hanging from a tree at Pearl and Dover streets. Farmer Cornelius Dircksen ran the first ferry service across the East River, rowing his boat from Pecks slip at Pearl and Dover streets to Fulton's landing in Brooklyn.
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Abraham Verplanck - Abraham Verplanck was a member of the original board of 12 Men to advised Government about Indian problem. The original board of 12 Men was assembled by Director Willem Kieft. Kieft disbanded the  council because it disagreed with his military ambitions. Kieft threatened him with banishment . One of the signers of the petition requesting Peter Stuyvesant surrender to the British. On April 27, 1643, he was forced to mortgage Paulus Hook to Jan Damen and Cornelis Van Tienhoven to get a loan to overcome his lost property due to the Indian war.
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Cornelis Van Tienhoven - Cornelis Van Tienhoven was the Company accountant, who got to NYC in 1633. Peter Stuyvesant made him sheriff and attorney general in 1652. He lived at 227-229 Pearl Street (by Maiden Lane). A thickset man with a red bloated face who came to NYC in 1633. He led 80 soldiers to Hoboken to kill sleeping Indians, he also caused the Peach War. To avoid a court of inquiry he planned his own disappearance. Cornelis Van Tienhoven was smart, subtle and sharp-witted,  but considered an atrocious villain, murderer and traitor.
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Fernando Wood - In his second term as Mayor, Fernando Wood wanted NYC to secede from the North.  Fernando Wood wanted to create a Free City that would continue to do business with the Confederacy that ran the cotton industry. Tammany was this shipping merchants rocketship to a political career in the Democratic party.  Revenues from Southern cotton helped run Mayor Fernando Wood's Democratic machine. He was a copperhead.
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Benedict Arnold - military traitor who handed West Point to the British. Using West Point as bait in 1780, this selfish soul defected to the British in exchange for land in Canada, money, pension and a military commission. He died broke & unknown
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Lt. Gov. Francis Nicholson - Lt. Gov. Francis Nicholson, the Agent for the British crown in NYC, was overthrown during Leisler&#8217;s Rebellion
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Tom Riley - Tom Riley was the name of a Liberty pole put up in 1835 on Washingtons birthday, in front of Tom Riley's Hotel at the southwest corner of Franklin Street and West Broadway.
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Thomas Lote- In 1743, cooper and boatbuilder Thomas Lote built Old Brass Backs, the 1st fire engine in New York City.
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Peter Zenger - In 1735, his New York Weekly Journal was the mouthpiece of opposition to the government. The first case of libel in NYC, came after two years of sharp barbs from his New York Weekly Journal (which started in November 5, 1733 but incorrectly dated October 5). Andrew Hamilton defended Zenger and proved all the charges printed by Zenger were true and hence not libelous. Zenger's main writer was James Alexander and it audience was the Popular party, the other newspaper was a Government mouthpiece.
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Robert Randall - Robert Randall's octagonal building was set on a small hill whose southern border was on 8th street, Broadway on the east, 5th ave on West and 10th street on North. Robert Richard Randall was a philanthropist. Robert Richard Randall was buried June 5, 1801, in Sailors Snug Harbor Cemetery.  This Caribbean pirate gave the Brevoort farm to the Sailors Snug Harbor charity.
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James Delancy - This French Huguenot family farm was East of the Bowery by Christie and Delancy street
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Anthony Bleecker - Anthony Bleecker's farm ran from Sullivan to the West to Mercer to the East, and just beyond Houston on the South.
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Washington Irving- Writer Washington Irving (named after George Washington), used Diedrich Knickerbocker as a pseudonym as well as Johnathan Oldstyle and Geoffery Crayon. Mocking Dutch customs, Washington Irving created a 25 year old history scholar in his 1809 book A History of New York. The Allmighty Dollar was a quote from Washington Irving's 1855 story The Creole Village. The almighty dollar, that great object of universal devotion throughout our land, seems to have no genuine devotees in these peculiar villages.  Edward Windust's restaurant (1824-1865) on Ann street was NYC's most famous resort in the days of the Park Theatre, customers included Washington Irving and Femimore Cooper.
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George Clinton- The 1st Governor of New York who was elected in 1777.
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Thomas Willett- The 1st Mayor of NYC (1665-1666). On June 12, 1665, Thomas Willett was appointed Mayor of New York, by Governor Richard Nicolls. A Lower East Side street that climbs Mount Pitt is named after him or Sons Of Liberty member Colonel Marinus Willett ( NY Sheriff 1784-88) & became Mayor in 1807.
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Richard Nicolls - Richard Nicolls was the first English governor, who gave New York its name after he seized the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam in 1664. After the British took NYC in 1664, Richard Nicolls became Governor of NYC, almost 25 years after the Militia was first formed.
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Thomas Delavall - Thomas Delavall was second, fifth and eleventh (1666, 1671, 1678) Mayor of NYC, born in London he came to America with the English army in 1664.
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Cornelius Van Steenwyck - The 4th Mayor of NYC from 1668 to 1671, and fourteenth Mayor  from 1682 to 1684.
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Matthias Nicholls - Matthias Nicholls was NYC's 6th Mayor, who ruled in 1672 when NYC population was around 5000 people.
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Sebastian Jansen Krol -Consolers of the sick, Sebastian Jansen Krol and Jan Huych would read the Bible on Sundays in a loft above Frances Moelmackers mill on William street.
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Dominie Everardus Bogardus - One brewery, and three saw mills were working in 1633, when NYC's first minister Everardus Bogardus first arrived. Dominie Everardus Bogardus was the second pastor of the  First Reformed Dutch Church at New Amsterdam for 14 years. Everardus Bogardus refused to preach in a horse mill, so in 1633, the citizens built a small rough wooden church on Pearl by Broad. He died at sea en route to clear his name from another doomed passenger Willem Kieft. Pastor Evardus Bogardus petitioned for Kiefts recall, and he was returning to Holland (with Kieft) to answer some charges that were brought by Kieft, when he died on the shipwreck of the Princess Amelia.  After minister Everardus Bogardus denounced Director Kieft from his pulpit: Director Kieft made his soldiers play ninepins close to the church during services; Director Kieft ordered his soldiers to sing and dance by the church during services; Director Kieft ordered his soldiers to beat their drums by the church during services; and Director Kieft ordered his soldiers to fire the cannon during services.
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Dominie Jonas Michaelius - Dominie Jonas Michaelius greeted Manhattan on April 7, 1628 in the loft above the horse run grain mill south of Hanover Square, founding the first Protestant order in America.
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Samuel Drisius - Samuel Drisius came to NYC in 1652, and held charge of the Church for 21 years. He was the third minister in NYC when the British took over.
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Ferdinand Steinmeyer - Roman Catholic Ferdinand Steinmeyer was a Jesuit spy who was known as Mr Farmer. Catholics had to sneak to worship in a Wall street attic before the American Revolution.
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Jan Huych - Consolers of the sick, Sebastian Jansen Krol and Jan Huych would read the Bible on Sundays in a loft above Frances Moelmackers mill on William street.
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Jacob Leisler - He had property on Frankfort street. Many historians claim he was hung and buried by Leislers house near Printing House Square, but some claim it was at the foot of the gallows outside the Stadt Huys near Leislers property on the Strand. In 1691, after their speedy trail was over at the Stadt Huys a hole at the foot of the gallows was filled for 7 years with their bodies. Disinternment came in October of 1698, and their coffins laid in state inside the Stadt Huys for several days. Frankfort street was named after the town in Germany Jacob came from. Jacob Leisler was executed by this drunken Governor in question during his 6 months in office.
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Stoffel Mighielsen - Stoffel Mighielsen-towncryer
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George Dieterich was a NYC baker (Waldorf born ) who gave John Jacob Astor a great way to explore and meet the merchants. George Dieterich was a baker who in 1784, lived at 351 Pearl Street (Queen Street at the time) at the corner of Frankfort and Pearl. This German baker knew John Jacob Astor from Europe, and got him work selling donuts, cakes and cookies to stores.
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Asser Levy -In November 1655, he overturned the ban on Jews in the citizens guards, he also gained the right to have a trade, and opened the first kosher butcher
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John Bowne-His 1662 act of civil disobedience against Stuyvesants Quaker ban, was pardoned by the Dutch West India Company. This ended religious bias (for the most part) in early NYC
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Robert Hodgson- In 1657, this young Quaker had to choose a fine of 100 guilders or push a wheelbarrow for two years. He was hung by his hands and beaten for many days
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Sybout Claesen - a carpenter who built the Schoeynge, which was sheet piling with a wooden siding. This early wall guarded Pearl Street and City Hall against the East Rivers high tide. Sybout Claesen created the wall and a wooden supported waterfront in 1654 to 1656, called De Waal.
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Diedrich Knickerbocker - An imaginary historic writer. Mocking Dutch customs, Washington Irving created a 25 year old history scholar in his 1809 book A History of New York
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Johannes Megapolensis - Protestant minister Johannes Megapolensis came to NYC in 1649, after preaching to the Indians for 7 years (since 1642).
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Jacob Hendricksen Varravanger - On December 23 1658, with one matron and a simple house Jacob Hendricksen Varravanger started to help the sick soldiers who had no families and for the companies negroes. 
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Hans Kiersted - In 1638, Hans Kiersted became the first surgeon of the Dutch West India Company to come to NYC. He became the top colonial physician, his Kiersted or Kierstede ointment was used as an antiseptic until the early 19th century.
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Johannes La Montagne - Johannes La Montagne was a Huguenot physician who came to NYC in 1637, and quickly outclassed the local shop surgeons.
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Jacob L Orange - Jacob L Orange was appointed in 1658, by the West Indies Company to practice in NYC.
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Samuel Staats - Samuel Staats was the best known doctor in 17th century NYC. 
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George Clinton - The daughter of New York Governor George Clinton was Catherine Clinton, who became the first wife of Pierre Van Cortlandt the son of the first Lieutenant Governor of NY state.
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Dewitt Clinton - Dewitt Clinton was the first student at Columbia College. May 19, 1784, the old Kings college reopened after the Revolutionary war, and Dewitt Clinton (the Father of the Erie Canal) was de first pupil.  Dewitt Clinton and David Provost were regulars of the Shakespeare Tavern, at the Southeast corner of Fulton and Nassau Streets. The 7th Regiment was organized at this Tavern. Dewitt Clinton was NYC's 1st mayor to occupy the current City Hall.
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William Samuel Johnson - William Samuel Johnson's dad was the first president of Kings College, he became the first president of Columbia College in 1787, until 1800.
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Chancellor Livingston - Chancellor Livingston helped the development of steam navigation.
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Myles Cooper - Myles Cooper was the second President of Columbia College at 26 year old. This Tory had wit, but it angered the patriotic mob that chased him back to England. 
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John Stevens - John Stevens was part of the Kings College Class of 1768, he introduced the steam railway and the screw propeller.
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Napoleon LeBrun - Napoleon LeBrun and sons built 42 firehouses in NYC. The Engine Company No. 5 at 340 East 14th Street, is a 1880 structure that is the only LeBrun building still used as a firehouse. Napoleon LeBrun also built the Science Building at the Packer School in Brooklyn Heights in 1887.  Engine Company 36 which originated as Fire Hook & Ladder Company No. 14 at 120 East 125th street by Lexington Avenue was a Romanesque Revival Style house that was built by Napoleon. Engine #6 at 269 Henry street near Gouverneur and  St. Cecilias Church at 120 E 106th st were also LeBrun's. Engine Co. 14 at 5th ave & 18th street was a LeBrun Renaissance Revival house.  Firemans Hall at 155 (120) Mercer Street by Prince street was home of Hose Co #5. This 1836 house was built before Napoleon LeBrun started builting anything. The 19th Police Precinct on 153 E 67th St is also a LeBrun. From 1879 to 1894, Napoleon LeBrun and Sons built all the FDNY buildings.
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Hendrick Van Dyck - Hendrick Van Dyck started the Peach war, by killing a squaw who was stealing fruit from his orchard.  The Indian response was 64 canoes of almost 500 Indians pouring into a defensless town (Stuyvesant and his army was fighting the Swedes by the Delaware). Van Dyck was pierced by an arrow and died.
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Juan (Jan) Rodrigues - Jan Rodrigues was a mixed African and Spanish fur trader that came from Santo Domingo who crossed paths with Dutch explorer Captain Adrian Block, he was living on Nut Island in 1624. Juan (Jan) Rodrigues a Spaniard from Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic and Haiti). Jan Rodrigues was the first non indian merchant in NYC, this black (mulatto) man was a Spaniard from Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic and Haiti). He was the first non native to live in NYC. He was a former crewman from the boat Jonge Tobias who traded and lived among the natives in 1612 (w/o support of a harbor ship).  Fleets first came to the New World looking for cod and herring. In the 1500's, French and English fishing fleets came to the New World to fish for cod, pollack and herring and sailed home. The first one here is not to be confused with William Rodriguez (the last one out)
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Adrian Block - Adrian Block (Adriaen) was a Dutch attorney and explorer whose boat Tijger (Tiger) caught fire while docked in a bay and stranded Block and his crew in Manhattan for a Winter. While shipwrecked in Lower Manhattan in 1613-1614, Adrian and crew built an escape boat called the Restless. After he returned to the Netherlands, the Dutch officials created Nieuw Nederlandt.  
Adriaen Block's ship supposedly caught fire right off a bay off the Hudson river by the World Trade Center site or down by Battery Park. Most historians insist that the plot of the former Trade Towers was the location where the Tiger burnt, and that the shipmates built huts by 39-41 Broadway, but I disagree.  A bigger and easier managed bay where his docked boat could have caught fire, was off the quieter East River up the Collect Pond stream. which could be the source for the name Old Wreck Brook. This large bay off the East River between Dover and James streets, existed before NYC's widening of its coast through landfill. Adrian's boat took fire when it was anchored in a bay, the one by the outlet of the Collect was the largest downtown bay, and close to the Collect Fresh Water pond, which would have been the perfect place to survive. Adrian's boat was shipwrecked on NYC in 1613 and stayed the winter, but he was not the first non native, Juan (Jan) Rodriguese was. 
The Dutch explorer/lawyer Adrian Block, sailed away with his two Indians, Valentine and Orson in 1611. Orson killed Hendrick Christaensz on the Hudson River abord the Swarte Beer in 1619. Dutch lawyer Adrian Block spent the winter of 1613-1614, in NYC and survived thanks to the Indians. Tiger was the name of his boat that burnt and stranded him for the winter, while Restless was the name of the boat he built, to leave NYC the next Spring.
 Fleets first came to the New World looking for cod and herring. In the 1500's, French and English fishing fleets came to the New World to fish for cod, pollack and herring and sailed home.
Adrian Block was the first European to sail into Long Island Sound realized that Manhattan and Long Island were indeed islands. Adrian Block's boat called Tyger caught fire in a bay in Lower Manhattan, I believe it was where the Old Wreck Brook emptied into (East River), not wrecked on the rocks where the Trade Towers would soon be built (with asbestos).
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Hendrick Christiaenzen - Hendrick Christiaenzen was Captain of the Fortuyn (Fortune), a Dutch ship that returned Adrian Block to the Netherlands. Hendrick Christiaensen was the captain of the Dutch ship the Fortuyn, one of the three Dutch ships that landed in NYC in 1613
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Thijis Volckenz Mossel - Thijis Volckenz Mossel was the Captain of the Jonge Tobias, who sabotaged Adrian Blocks Beaver trading with the Natives, by offering them three times more than what Block was trading.

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Christian Hendricksen - Most historians give Christian Hendricksen from the Netherlands the #1 spot as the founder of NYC. But before him, there was a black man who seemed to be written out of NYC history.
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John the Turk - John the Turk was a Moroccan Muslim who was farming early NYC.
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Adrian Vanderdonck - Adrian Vanderdonck was an early explorer who sailed New York Harbor, before New Netherland was formed.
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Henry Hudson - Henry Hudson never realized that Manhattan or Long Island were islands. Half Moon was Henry Hudson's ship that brought him to the New World. Mirrors were a magical item that left the Indians in awe, Henry Hudson traded mirrors with the Indians for their tobacco and furs. As future explorers came after Hudson, the Indians traded furs for blankets, kettles, guns and rum. Henry Hudson traded colorful cloth with the Indians for their tobacco and furs. Indians loved the white man tools, and how sharp they were. Henry Hudson traded knives and ax with the Indians for their tobacco and furs. England tried to legitimize its takeover of the region by claiming Hudson was a subject the king. In 1664, the British started calling the North River by the name Hudson River. Wind and ice stopped both the 1st and 2nd trips (1607 and 1608) of Henry Hudson who was hired by the Muscovy Company both times.   Both trips by Hudson (for the Muscovy Company) went north and then east with the same crew.  The Dutch East India Company paid $320 for Hudson's 1609, third trip north and then east, but icy wind made him try going West this time. Thomas Smith an English merchant financed the fourth trip of Henry Hudson, in 1610, which Hudson got stuck in the ice for the Winter, most of his crew mutinied and left him to die with his son and 6 other supporters. Henry Hudson discovered the Hudson Bay in 1610. The Hopewell was Henry Hudson's first boat.
One Indian name for the Hudson river was Muhheakantuck, meaning great waters that flow two ways. The Hudson was called the North River since early Dutch times. England tried to legitimize its takeover of the region by claiming Hudson was a subject the king. In 1664, the British started calling the North River by the name Hudson River.  
Henry Hudson's boat was called the Half Moon, it was the boat Hudson and his 18 men crew sailed into the New York harbor on September 3, 1609. Hudson's Half Moon first explored the Delaware River days before (August 28th) anchoring off Sandy Hook.  Robert Juet was one of Hudson's mutinous crew, he died of starvation.   The first company to send Hudson in search of the North eastern passageway to Asia was the English Muscovy Company, his boat was called the Hopewell.  Hudson's last voyage was on the Discovery in 1611, where he was cast adrift in a small boat with no supplies and with several supporters (and the sick) and his son John who was his Cabin Boy.

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Adrian Block - Adrian Block was the first European to sail into Long Island Sound realized that Manhattan and Long Island were indeed islands. Adrian Block's boat called Tyger caught fire in a bay in Lower Manhattan, I believe it was where the Old Wreck Brook emptied into (East River), not wrecked on the rocks where the Trade Towers would soon be built (with asbestos).
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Adriaen van der Donck - This attorney, Adriaen van der Donck tried to prove the New World was Dutch in  1641, by publishing a book called A Description of the New Netherlands.
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Samuel de Champlain- Samuel de Champlain was a French explorer and navigator who mapped most of the East coast of Northern America before 1607.
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Giovanna Di Verrazzano - In 1524, Giovanna Di Verrazzano became the first European to explore the New York Harbor. Refugio was Verrazanos name for Narragansett Bay.
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Thomas Leggett - In 1780, Thomas Leggett had a dry grocery (no rum) at the corner of Peck Slip (Dover) and Pearl, six stores South of the Bank of New York. It was during the time of the Franklin Market at Dover and Pearl.
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Walter Franklin - Walter was a member of the Committe of One Hundred, after May 1st, 1775. Walter was a member of the 1st Provincial Congress of the Province of New York (which met May 23rd, 1775).  Walter was a senior partner at the importing firm Franklin, Robinson & Co., that traded with China and the South Seas. Lived at the first White House before Washington at the corner of Pearl and Cherry(demolished in 1856). Franklin Square was named after him, not Benjamin, it was the most aristocratic quarter of NYC. The address on Cherry street has been listed as #1 but #8 and 10 Cherry (78 Queen Street) may be correct. Walter's widow or daughter married Samuel Osgood, who was the first Postmaster General. He died June 8, 1780. Maria Franklin his eldest daughter married Gov. De Witt Clinton. The second eldest daughter Hannah Franklin married Gov. De Witt Clinton's brother George Clinton. Walter brother was John, their father was Thomas.
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Samuel Osgood - first Postmaster General and Naval Officer of the Port of NY (1803-1813). He married Walter Franklin's widow.

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George Dieterich - George Dieterich was a baker who in 1784, lived at 351 Pearl Street (Queen Street at the time) at the corner of Frankfort and Pearl. This German baker knew John Jacob Astor from Europe, and got him work selling donuts, cakes and cookies to stores.

Andrew Hammersly - A 1784, dry goods merchant and ironmonger, who had his shop at 46 Hanover Square (109 Pearl Street).

Robert Lenox -Rich

John G Coster - Rich

Stephen Whitney - Rich

Nat Prime - Rich  3rd richest in NYC, Banker. suicide from a delusion he was becoming poor.

Catherine Schuyler - Daughter of Colonel John Van Rensselaer, who was born in 1734, married Major General Phillip Schuyler and had 14 kids, their 2nd kid Elizabeth married Alexander Hamilton in 1780. The Schuyler's were one of the distinguished families in NYC, which put Hamilton at the top of NYC society. By 1782 Hamilton was elected a member of the Continental Congress.

Robert Leroy Parker - Robert Leroy Parker aka Butch Cassidy came to NYC with the Sundance Kid for a few weeks before they fled the country.
Harry Longabaugh aka Sundance Kid stayed at Mrs. Taylor's Boarding House for a few weeks with his girlfriend Etta Place on  Feb. 1st- 20th,1901, before they both took the British steamer Herminius, to Argentina with Butch Cassidy. Mrs. Taylor's Boarding House was at 234 East 12th Street. 

Harry Longabaugh - Harry Longabaugh aka Sundance Kid stayed at Mrs. Taylor's Boarding House for a few weeks with his girlfriend Etta Place on  Feb. 1st- 20th,1901, before they both took the British steamer Herminius, to Argentina with Butch Cassidy. Mrs. Taylor's Boarding House was at 234 East 12th Street. 

Henry McCarty - Henry McCarty aka William H. Bonney aka Billy the Kid was born in New York City in 1859, also known as Kid Antrim he lived at Allen & Grand streets until he was 4 or 5. Because Allen was widened in 1931, his old apartment might be in the middle of the north east side of Allen street.

Edward Osterman-  Edward Osterman aka Monk Eastman. Pet store owner turned Gangster Monk Eastman was shot to death on Christmas night, 1920 at the SW corner of 14th Street and 4th Avenue by a subway station in front of the Bluebird Cafe at 62 East 14th Street. Shot by Jerry Bohan, a Prohibition agent who was one of his partners. Monk liked cats and pigeons but not his LES rivals the Five Pointers. Monk was short for Monkey, due to his ugly face which kept getting worse due the amazing numbers of fights he got himself into. He was part of the toughs that Tammany boss Big Tim Sullivan used on election day and for other violent events.
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Arthur Flegenheimer - Arthur Flegenheimer aka Dutch Schultz was a loose canon who was taken out by Murder, Inc. on October 23, 1935 in Newark, NJ at the Palace Chop House.
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Samuel J. Tilden - Samuel J. Tilden the reformer, was one of Boss Tweeds enemys.
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William E. Dean - Proof of the real cause of Yellow Fever came in 1900, when an infected mosquito was tested on William E. Dean, a soldier from Troop B, Seventh Cavalry.
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William Dewitt - William Dewitt, a baker on Whitehall Street, on September 8, 1795 became the 1st patient to escape Bellevue, and an early NYC yellow fever victum.
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Abraham Gallatin - Established in 1816, Abraham Gallatin helped charter the Second Bank of the United States. He also was Secretary of the Treasury for Thomas Jefferson, and helped charter NYU in 1831.
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Joseph B Martin - Smokey the Bear was named after Joseph B Martin. Smoky Joe grew up on East 13th street close to Engine #5, and became the Assistant Chief of the NYC Fire Department (1919-1930).

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Alexander McDougall - Alexander McDougall was a leader of NYCs 1765, Sons of Liberty, he was a prosperous self-made man whose father was a milkman. The Liberty Boys had no interest in total liberty from England when they first organized. The Liberty Boys originally just wanted for Americans to decide their own taxes. The idea for freedom from religious persecution came afterwards. The Liberty Boys had a small agenda when they first organized. A  Member of Parliament named Isaac Barre who was a supporter of the American colonists first called Americans the Sons of Liberty, who would resist the Stamp Act tax of 1765.
The Golden Hill Inn was at 112 William street and was a frequent meeting place for the Liberty Boys. Behind this Inn on January 18, 1770 the Sons of Liberty fought the British regulars, and the first blood of the Revolution was shed.
The Burns Coffee House, at 113 or 115 Broadway (by the west side of Cedar street) was the headquarters of the Sons of Liberty used to meet at before the Revolutionary war. It sat on the site of the former house of Etienne De Lancey.
The Sons of Liberty made an old tavern at the NE corner of Ann & Broadway their home when it became Hampden Hall. Hampden Hall was near the resort called Spring Garden, which was just North of the shoemaker's pasture (shoemakers pasture ran on the East side of Broad street).
In 1770, Montague's Tavern on Broadway opposite the fields (City Hall Park) was the headquarters of the Liberty Boys.

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Isaac Sears - Isaac Sears was a leader of NYCs 1765, Sons of Liberty, he was a prosperous self-made man whose father was an oyster catcher. The Liberty Boys had no interest in total liberty from England when they first organized. The Liberty Boys originally just wanted for Americans to decide their own taxes. The idea for freedom from religious persecution came afterwards. The Liberty Boys had a small agenda when they first organized. A  Member of Parliament named Isaac Barre who was a supporter of the American colonists first called Americans the Sons of Liberty, who would resist the Stamp Act tax of 1765.
The Golden Hill Inn was at 112 William street and was a frequent meeting place for the Liberty Boys. Behind this Inn on January 18, 1770 the Sons of Liberty fought the British regulars, and the first blood of the Revolution was shed.
The Burns Coffee House, at 113 or 115 Broadway (by the west side of Cedar street) was the headquarters of the Sons of Liberty used to meet at before the Revolutionary war. It sat on the site of the former house of Etienne De Lancey.
The Sons of Liberty made an old tavern at the NE corner of Ann & Broadway their home when it became Hampden Hall. Hampden Hall was near the resort called Spring Garden, which was just North of the shoemaker's pasture (shoemakers pasture ran on the East side of Broad street).
In 1770, Montague's Tavern on Broadway opposite the fields (City Hall Park) was the headquarters of the Liberty Boys.
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John Lamb - John Lamb was an instrument maker and Son of Liberty leader, who was hurt by British soldiers on August 11, 1766 on the Commons (City Hall Park), as he attempted to raise another Liberty Pole. The Liberty Boys had no interest in total liberty from England when they first organized. The Liberty Boys originally just wanted for Americans to decide their own taxes. The idea for freedom from religious persecution came afterwards. The Liberty Boys had a small agenda when they first organized. A  Member of Parliament named Isaac Barre who was a supporter of the American colonists first called Americans the Sons of Liberty, who would resist the Stamp Act tax of 1765.
The Golden Hill Inn was at 112 William street and was a frequent meeting place for the Liberty Boys. Behind this Inn on January 18, 1770 the Sons of Liberty fought the British regulars, and the first blood of the Revolution was shed.
The Burns Coffee House, at 113 or 115 Broadway (by the west side of Cedar street) was the headquarters of the Sons of Liberty used to meet at before the Revolutionary war. It sat on the site of the former house of Etienne De Lancey.
The Sons of Liberty made an old tavern at the NE corner of Ann & Broadway their home when it became Hampden Hall. Hampden Hall was near the resort called Spring Garden, which was just North of the shoemaker's pasture (shoemakers pasture ran on the East side of Broad street).
In 1770, Montague's Tavern on Broadway opposite the fields (City Hall Park) was the headquarters of the Liberty Boys.
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Samuel Adams - Samuel Adams and Paul Revere headed the Sons of Liberty in Massachusetts. The Liberty Boys had no interest in total liberty from England when they first organized. The Liberty Boys originally just wanted for Americans to decide their own taxes. The idea for freedom from religious persecution came afterwards. The Liberty Boys had a small agenda when they first organized. A  Member of Parliament named Isaac Barre who was a supporter of the American colonists first called Americans the Sons of Liberty, who would resist the Stamp Act tax of 1765. 
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Benjamin Rush - Benjamin Rush (Signer of the Declaration of Independence and the head of a US Army medical team) thought yellow fever was caused by rotting coffee, but he also thought rotten vegetables caused fevers. Benjamin Rush  believed the state of the blood vessel based on race, nationality, diet and morals caused yellow fever. The real culprit of the viral disease called yellow fever, was the infected female Aedes aegypti mosquito (no longer found in NYC).
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Adam Roelanstsen - Adam Roelanstsen, was the first schoolmaster of Manhattans Collegiate School but also NYC's first polluters. Adam Roelanstsen, may have been the first schoolmaster of Manhattans Collegiate School but his second job was running a bleaching ground on Maiden Lane destroying a fresh water pond.
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John Coleman - John Coleman (Colman), was the namesake of Coleman's Point. John Coleman was the first white person killed in New York, on Sept. 6, 1609, by an Indian arrow in his throat. He was the 1st white person buried on Long Island.  John Coleman was buried in Coney Island September 7, 1609, after being killed by Indians the dark night before. The darkness made it difficult to return to Hudsons boat.
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Wilhelmus Beekman - Wilhelmus Beekman sold the swamp (Beekman's swamp) to Jacobus Roosevelt in 1734, for two hundred pounds. The Downtown Ann Street was named for one of Gerardus Beekmans kids.
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Peter T Curtenius - Peter T Curtenius owned an Ironwork factory that made Franklin Stoves, kettles &  pots in the 1770s. He was not NYC's first polluter, but he did cause NYC's first unclean air law.
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Leo Astor and Leo Lenox - Leo Astor and Leo Lenox were the original names of the lions that guard the front of the New York Public Library, they were also called Leo and Leonora and Lord Astor and Lady Lenox in a childrens book, but both are male lions. Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia renamed  the lions from the front of the New York Public Library to Patience and Fortitude, hoping to urge citizens to possess these qualities to make it thru the Great Depression.
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Henry Janeway Hardenbergh - Henry Janeway Hardenbergh designed; the Dakota Apartments at 1 West 72nd street; the Con Edison Building at 4 Irving Place on 15th street; the Manhattan Hotel at Madison and 42nd street; and the Plaza Hotel at 59th Street and 5th Ave.  The Dakota Apartments were built in 1881-84, as a Gothic terra-cotta brick and sandstone Victorian apartment building, that has a great steeply pitched slate and copper roof. The Manhattan Hotel at Madison and 42nd street was a 1897 Baroque French Chateau hotel was destroyed in the 1960. Henry also did the Schermerhorn building at 380 Lafayette Street on the NW corner of Lafayette and Great Jones. Hardenbergh's 12 and then 18 floor towers of the Con Edison Building at 4 Irving Place on 15th street were finished in 1914, an added 26-story clock tower was finished in 1929. 
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Adriaen Block - Adriaen Block's cartographic work of the New England coast showed that fur traders could have a greater effect.
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Arnout Vogels - After hearing about Henry Hudsons journey on July 26th, 1610, Arnout Vogels ship St. Pieter (de Hoope) sailed on a secretive mission to the Hudson to trade directly with the natives. Vogels could have been the first Dutch trading expedition to the Hudson Bay. After hearing about Henry Hudsons journey in 1610, the ship St. Pieter (or de Hoope) sailed the Hudson on a secretive mission to trade directly with the natives (circumventing the French monopoly). What explorer who traded furs with Russia sailed the ship that was the first Dutch trading expedition to the Hudson Bay ?
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Cornelius May- Cornelius May got the monopoly from Holland for trading furs with Hendrick Christiansen and Adrian Block. Cape May in New Jersey is named after this explorer.
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Lambert van Tweenhuysen- Lambert van Tweenhuysen created Dutch trading companies to obtain beaver and otter pelts. In 1611 Captain Cornelis Rijser took the ship St. Pieter to the New World with passengers Adriaen Block and Hendrick Christiaensz.
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Cornelis Rijser -  In 1611 Captain Cornelis Rijser took the ship St. Pieter to the New World with passengers Adriaen Block and Hendrick Christiaensz.
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Mary Jane West - Mary Jane West was known as Mae West. This Bushwick girl on February 7, 1927, after spending a night in the Jefferson Market Courthouse and jail, was sentenced to 10 days at the Womens Workhouse on Welfare Island for her Broadway play Sex.
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Theodosia Burr Alston - Theodosia Burr Alston, the daughter of Aaron Burr who owned the old carriage house (between 7th Avenue and West 4th street), still haunts the One If By Land, Two If By Sea restaurant at 17 Barrow Street.
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Dylan Thomas - Dylan Thomas drank himself to death at the White Horse Tavern (he died days later at St. Vincents Hospital). A reported 18 straight whiskies was his poison of choice, on his fateful November day in 1953 in this 1880 tavern on Hudson & 11th.
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Giovanni de Verrazano (Da Verrazzano) - Giovanni de Verrazano was paid by King Francis I, this privateer attacked Spanish and the Portuguese ships. In 1524, Giovanna Di Verrazzano became the first European to explore the New York Harbor. Refugio was Verrazanos name for Narragansett Bay. Verrazano may have been executed at Puerto del Pico, Spain as a pirate in November, 1527, or even eaten by cannibals in 1528. This Italian, Giovanni da Verrazano was the first white man to see Manhattan, but not a resident. Other Italian explorers included Columbus, Cabot, Vespucci, Tonti and  Kino. Most explorers from Verrazano past Henry Hudson himself, were calling the Hudson the Riviere Grande, the Dutch called the river Mauritius.
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William Dampier - British map maker William Dampier, who became a pirate explorer that sailed to the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Australia, New Guinea, southeast Asia, and the South Seas. He became a writer but died a pauper.
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Sir Francis Drake- The British privateer and explorer Sir Francis Drake, also dabbled in slave trading. He was the 2nd explorer who sailed around the world, before dieing of dysentery and set fire at sea. Sir Frances Drake was the first Englishman to sail around the world (1577).
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Christopher Newport - Christopher Newport was an English privateer who transported colonists and supplies to Jamestown five times.
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Martin Frobisher  - Martin Frobisher an English privateer explorered northeastern North America searching for a Northwest Passage.  
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John Hawkins - English naval officer John Hawkins (1532- 1595) was also a privateer slave trader.
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Burgher Jorisen - Burghers Path ran to William street from the East River up Old Slip, it was named after Burgher Jorisen who came to NYC in 1637, to become a blacksmith. Burghers and Freemen had the right to operate stores.
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James Duane - James Duane was the first NYC mayor after the American revolution, from 1784 to 1789.
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Jacob Kip - Jacob Kip was a Dutch Burgher in old NYC. Burghers and Freemen had the right to operate stores.
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Johannes Van Brugh - Johannes Van Brugh was a Dutch Burgher in old NYC.  Burghers and Freemen had the right to operate stores.
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Nicholas Bayard - Nicholas Bayard was a Dutch Burgher in old NYC.  Burghers and Freemen had the right to operate stores.
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Alexander T. Stewart - After William B Astor (the landlord of NYC), and Cornelius Vanderbilt (the stock market speculator) , Alexander T. Stewart was the third richest man in America during its Gilded Age. The merchant prince Alexander T. Stewart, was afraid that the new street traffic nuisance (railway cars) would prevent his high class customers carriages from getting to his Marble Palace store on Chambers and Broadway.  A.T. Stewart expanded the Broadway Ladies Mile north of Chambers Street, after he built his Marble Palace in 1846. Public outcry, forced President Grant to retract Alexander T. Stewart name, as appointee to Secretary of the Treasury.  Anyone involved in trade or commerce could not hold that position in the old Republic anyway (Grant tried to change that law, but Congress disagreed). A.T. Stewart's (the merchant prince) fortune (after years of high living and bad business ventures) ended up in the hands of lawyers over the litigation of his estate. A.T. Stewart's body was dug up from Saint Marks Church on November 6, 1878. The $200,000 original ransom for A.T. Stewart, was paid by his widow three years later after she whittled it down to $20,000. 

Henry Brevoort - Henry Brevoort was a collector of rare books and coins. Washington Square Park was a cemetery that was on (or just south) Henry Brevoort's 11 acre farmland, his tavern and orchard was around the current location of Grace Church.

Edgar Allen Poe - In 1835, Edgar Allen Poe fell for his 13-year-old cousin Virginia, and secretly married her. Poe went out to become a magazine contributor and editor. Poor nutrition and drinking lead to fever, delirium, madness and ultimately death. Edgar Alan Poe's alcoholic lifestyle ultimately killed him. Edgar Allan Poe rented space at the Mercantile Library to write. The Mercantile Library took over the Astor Place Opera House in 1855 at 13 Astor Place. 
In 1837, Poe lived in a little wooden house at 113 Carmine Street with his sick wife Virginia, here he wrote Arthur Gordon Pym. Poe wrote Fall of the House of the Usher at this home on 6th Avenue near Waverly Place as well as Ligeia. Poe wrote the Raven at this farm home in Bloomingdale Village that was on a high bluff, around 84th street between Broadway and West End Avenue. 85 Amity Street (85 West 3rd Street) was Poe's last home (1845-1846) before he moved up to the Fordham Cottage (where he stayed until the summer of 1849). Poe wrote The facts in the Case of M. Valdemar, and Imp of the Perverse, from his home on West 3rd street.  Broadway and Duane Street was the location of the cigar store of John Anderson (from Poe's story The Mystery of Marie Roget).

Jack Kerouac - The beat writer Jack Kerouac's chronic alcoholism caused an internal hemorrhage at the young age of 47.

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald - Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald became to famous too fast, at 23 he was the spokesman for the Jazz Age. His smoking habit most likely killed him, but drinking heavy as his wifes (Zelda Sayre) nervous breakdowns increased. A heart attack finished him at the young age 44.

William Sydney Porter aka O. Henry - The king of the surprise endings, O. Henry (William Sydney Porter) ended his 48 year life wandering the streets (and bars) of NYC as agitated magazine editors tried to find and sober him up when publishing deadlines approached. His wifes terminal illness made him return from Honduras.

Dylan Thomas - Liz Reitell, Dylan Thomas's NYC girlfriend claimed that 18 straight whiskies at the White Horse put this Welsh poet in a coma, who tried to hard to keep up with his wild reputation.

John Sloan - Part of the Ash-Can School, John Sloan was a local artist (88 Washington Place) who started a bonfire on top of the arch, set free red balloons, drank champagne and declared Greenwich Village as the Independent Republic of Bohemia. He named a piece The Arch Conspirators after the take over the Washington Square Arch on January 23rd, 1917.
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Gertrude Drick - Gertrude Drick was a Texas artist who lead the group of artists and actors in the bohemian Liberal Club up the 110 step inner stairway to the top of the Washington Square Arch on January 23rd, 1917. They camped on top after climbing up with red lanterns, cap guns and hot water bottles.
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Betty Turner - Betty Turner, Forrest Mann and Charles Ellis were also part of this crazy group of artists who took over the Washington Square Arch on January 23rd, 1917.
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William Glackens - William Glackens was just an early modernist artist who lived and worked around the square. Other local artists included Everett Shinn, Willa Cather, John Reed, Max Eastman, Theodore Dreiser, Upton Sinclair, Sinclair Lewis and Eugene O&#8217;Neill.
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Henrietta "Hetty" Howland Robinson Green  - This blue eyed whaling fleet heiress(inherited $10 million) was the first woman to make an impact on Wall street, with her investments in Real Esate and railroads. After her ex husband died in 1902 she dressed in a long black skirt. Hetty was known as the Witch of Wall Street and died as the wealthiest woman in the U.S.
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Victoria Woodhull  - This American suffragist, Victoria Woodhull, supported free love, & was the woman who ran for President (1872). She was the first female Wall Street broker.
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Ann Lohman - Ann Lohman or Ann Trow aka Madame Restell. Madame Restell was a brand of birth control products for abortions. Ann did well living it up at 52d St. & 5th Ave.(abortion office in the basement), until busted by Vice dick Anthony Comstock, she slit her throat rather than face another trial.
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Sylvia Green - Sylvia Green married Matthew Astor Wilks(minor heir to the Astor fortune) after her mother made hime sign a prenup. Unlike her mother she gave most of her money to 64 charities.
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August Belmont, Sr  - August was an avid sportsman who married the daughter of Commodore Matthew Perry, he worked for the Rothschild family.
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Richard Connolly - Richard Connolly was the city comptroller whose signiture was found on the Tweeds rings paperwork, he fled the country to Paris France to enjoy the stolen loot. One of Tweeds three key cronies, whos signature was needed to pull off the scams.
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Peter B Sweeny - Peter B Sweeny, the city chamberlain, head of the Public Parks Department and the the county prosecutor, was certainly a main cog in the wheel of the Tweed ring, he also fled to Paris before coming back to return a small fraction of the loot in exchange for immunity.  
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Mayor Abraham Oakey Hall - Mayor Abraham Oakey Hall covered up the exploits of the Tweed Ring, and was certainly heavily involved in the ring. After Abraham Oakey Hall was elected mayor, Tweed moved the lunch club from City Hall to his law office on Duane Street. 
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James H. Ingersoll - Even though he was not part of the top four, James H. Ingersoll was the main bagman for the ring, vouchers for payoffs, kickbacks and extortion were run through Ingersoll & Company. Ingersoll only spent 2 1/2 years in jail, before he was pardoned.
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Samuel J. Tilden - Chairman of the New York State Democratic Committee Samuel J. Tilden, helped bring down the Tweed ring. Tilden pardoned J.H. Ingersoll who turned states evidence against Tweed.  Presidential hopeful in the 1876 election, Samuel Tilden was the person who put together the audit trail to convict Tweed.
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Thomas Nast - Political cartoonist Thomas Nast was the local paparazzi whose well known images helped catch Tweed after he jumped bail. 16 months after the draft riots Thomas Nast in early November 1864 started his famous cartoons in Harper Weekly, when he started working for Harper & Brothers on Pearl street's Franklin Square. He started at Leslie's Illustrated at $4 a week when it was a 16 page weekly. Nast in 1860 moved to the New York Illustrated News, until he rejoined Leslie's Illustrated at $50 per week. He married long time chum Sarah Edwards, and they lived in a small house on West 44th street. They had a girl named Sarah.
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Matthew J. O'Rourke - County bookeeper Matthew J. O'Rourke was also a journalist who exposed the frauds of the Tweed ring.
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John Kellum - John Kellum was the carpenter (until he died) for the Tweed Courthouse, who also built the Cary Building (105-107 Chambers Street) as well as A. T. Stewart mansion (5th Avenue at 34th Street).
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Leopold Eidlitz - In 1876, Leopold Eidlitz was hired as the builder who finished the job at the Tweed Courthouse, he used colorful bricks and added to the buildings south wing and domed ceiling.
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Richard Varick - Richard Varick was a Trinity parishioner.
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Albert Gallatin - Albert Gallatin was a Trinity parishioner, and one of the founders of NYU. When Jefferson became President, Gallatin was appointed Secretary of the Treasury.
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Robert Fulton - Robert Fulton was a Trinity parishioner. Clermont is  what history called Robert Fulton's Steamship, not what Fulton named it. The Clermont was Fultons Folly and named by history, Robert Fulton called it the North River Steamboat. Robert Fulton's first steamboat left from the Hudson river off Greenwich Village most likely by Richmond Hill and Minetta water, for his first 150 mile trip to Albany in 1807.  Robert Fulton's first steamboat left Monday August 17, 1807 at 1 PM, the first leg went 24 hours to travel to his partners home. After resting and working for 20 hours at Robert Livingstones Clermont NY manor house they traveled 8 more hours to Albany. 52 hours total, taking 32 hours to travel 150 miles. Clermont had its first trial on the Hudson opposite Claremont (where Napoleons elder brother once lived after Waterloo). Demologos was Fultons first steam powered warship, he never lived to see it finished. Nautilus was the name of his diving boat (submarine) that he built in France in 1800. Fulton's first steamboat sailed up the River Seine on August 9, 1803. Fulton produced the first commercially successful steamboat, which opened Americas waterways to commercial development.  The first steamboat patent was issued to Briggs & Longstreet on February 1, 1788. Fulton had a 30 year government-granted monopoly on NY steamboat traffic, and was charging $7 until a Supreme Court ruling bankrupted him when he had to match others $3 ticket. Competition against Robert Fulton was forbidden by law until Gibbons vs. Ogden in 1824.
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Alexander Hamilton - Alexander Hamilton was a Trinity parishioner. Fla., Ill., Ind., Kan., Neb., N.Y., Ohio and Tenn. all have Hamilton counties named after Alexander Hamilton.
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William Seward was NY Governor from 1839-1843. He was a Whig
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Hamilton Fish was NY Governor from 1849-1851. He was a Whig
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George Clinton was NY Governor from 1777-1795 and 1801-1804. He was a Democratic-Republican
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Dewitt Clinton was NY Governor from 1817-1823 and 1825-1828. He was a Democratic-Republican
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Abraham Gouverneur was a NYC merchant and Leislerian activist who was a French Huguenot refugee. He was a interpreter and translator who became chief justice, and who married the daughter of Governor Jacob Leisler. Gouverneur lane and Gouverneur Slip named after Abraham Gouverneur.
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Peter Minuit - Peter Minuit came over to the New World on a ship called Sea Mew. Sea Mew was a Dutch name for Sea Gulls. Peter Minuit sailed in the Sea-Mew (Meeuwken or het Meeutje which in English is Seagull) from Amsterdam on December 19, 1625, and arrived in NYC on May 4th, 1626. Most history books says that Peter Minuit bought NYC for $24 worth of beads, knives, bright cloth and some other trinkets. NYC might have been bought before Minuit came in 1626, according to some historians. The New Netherland was a giant spruce goose like ship, that was financed by Peter Minuit with funds from the Dutch West India Company. The New Netherland displaced 800 tons and had 30 large guns to scare off pirates, its high construction bills helped get Minuit dismissed as director general of NYC.  The Kalmar Sleutel or Calmer Sleutel was the ship that Arendt van Curler shared with Peter Minuit in 1627. Peter Minuit left the colony in pitiful condition, he once said, In this country I am my own master and may do as I please.  Peter Minuit was recalled to Holland in 1631 for refusing to ban the private fur trade and due to the privileges he awarded patroons at the expense of the Dutch West India Company. Bastiaen Jansz Krol, took over as acting director. When Governor Kieft was dismissed by the company, it opened NYC to Peter Stuyvesant. Minuit opened both diplomatic and commercial relations with Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1627.Peter Minuit established New Sweden, in March 1638, six years later after he was recalled to Holland. Minuit was lost at sea due to a hurricane during his trading trip to Saint Christopher in the West Indies. The first taproom in NYC was located in the first warehouse erected by Governor Minuet. A huge quantity of liquor from the West India Company was sent to NYC from the mother country.
When Peter Minuit first encountered NYC (May 4th,1626), this rough trading outpost only had 30 log houses for the 270 citizens. Other structures included a counting house made of stone for the animal pelts, the blockhouse and its palisade walls and the mill.
Peter Minuit was a Protestant Walloon from Spanish Netherlands (present-day Belgium). The Dutch West India Company made Peter Minuit the third director general of New Netherland in December 1625. 
Canarsee Indians on a hunting trip in NYC tricked Peter Minuit on his 20th day in NYC with the sale of lands not owned by the Long Island Canarsees (Native Americans had little concept of European land ownership as well).
Peter Minuit was suspended from his post, but soon found New Sweden before being lost in a West Indies hurricane.
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Bastiaen Jansz Krol-Peter Minuit was recalled to Holland in 1631 for refusing to ban the private fur trade and due to the privileges he awarded patroons at the expense of the Dutch West India Company. Bastiaen Jansz Krol, took over as acting director.
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Arendt van Curler - The Kalmar Sleutel or Calmer Sleutel was the ship that Arendt van Curler shared with Peter Minuit in 1627.
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Willem Kieft  - Governor Willem Kieft sent 100 men to kill Raritan Indians in 1640. Princess Amelia was the boat that sunk in the Bristol Channel en route to Holland killing Governor Willem Kieft and Pastor Evardus Bogardus. Governor Willem Kieft died without a wife, descendents or memorial, but he did have 400,000 guilders in his pocket when he died on the shipwreck of the Princess Amelia in Bristol Channel.  Governor Kieft lived on Hanover Square and in 1648, he got tired of entertaining guests at his house and built NYC first hotel which became the Stadt Huys (NYC's 1st City Hall).  After minister Everardus Bogardus denounced Director Kieft from his pulpit: Director Kieft made his soldiers play ninepins close to the church during services; Director Kieft ordered his soldiers to sing and dance by the church during services; Director Kieft ordered his soldiers to beat their drums by the church during services; and Director Kieft ordered his soldiers to fire the cannon during services. The first militia was first formed in 1640, after Kieft aroused the Indians after his first 3 years as director general of the colony, and they seeked revenge. The Raritan Indians were located in New Jersey, and after Governor Kieft's Indian war they destroyed the whole colony in Staten island.
Raritan Indians sold Staten Island to the European settlers six times. Dutch Governor William Kieft accused the Raritan Indians of stealing some pigs which started the Pig War of 1640 (followed by the Whisky and Peach wars).
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Evardus Bogardus - Princess Amelia was the boat that sunk in the Bristol Channel en route to Holland killing Governor Willem Kieft and Pastor Evardus Bogardus.
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Abraham Brower - In 1827, a 12-seat stagecoach called Abraham Browers Accommodation, ran the three B's, from the Battery to Bleecker Street down Broadway. Followed by the Sociable & Omnibus in 1831.
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Alfred Beach - Alfred Beach hid building his experimental pneumatic subway car in 1870, it ran for 3 years but only 312 feet (1 block up Broadway). 
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Jacob Sharp - Owner of Jacob Sharp's Manhattan Railway. Jacob Sharp was the main promoter for the Broadway street railway from 1852 to 1885. On December 1853, NYC's Common Council signed the Broadway Railroad bill, which defeated everything honest A. T. Stewart could muster (he was naive to the fact that deals were signed by criminal bribery). 
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John Mason - Owner of John Mason's New York and Harlem Railroad. In 1832, John Mason created a street railway using metal wheeled cars running on metal tracks that were pulled by horses. By 1837, the horsecars were pulling passengers up to 27th street, where steam trains took over the rest of the trip.
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Rufus Porter - Rufus Porter was the inventor of the portable camera obscura, founded the Scientific American magazine in 1845 , he also painted.
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Elijah McCoy - This African American engineer and inventor (over 50 patents) named Elijah McCoy, was the real McCoy, a term that refered to his oiling device for machines.
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Thomas Davenport - Thomas Davenport's 1834 electric motor, helped him establish the first commercially successful electric streetcar.
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Henry T. Gratacap - In 1836, a lad from Columbia Engine Company No. 14 named Henry T. Gratacap, started a company that became Americas primary source of fire hats. Henry T. Gratacap invented a leather fire helmet that had a long rear brim and an ornamental facade for identification.
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Arthur Wynne - In 1913, Journalist Arthur Wynne invented the crossword puzzle, on Sunday December 21, 1913, the New York World printed this first diamond-shaped puzzle crossword.
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Edwin Binney -  In 1903, NYC Paint company owners Edwin Binney and Harold Smith mixed paraffin wax with pigments (an insoluble powder mixed with a liquid to produce paint), and created the first Crayola Crayons.
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Alfred Mosher Butts - In the 1930s, Alfred Mosher Butts from Jackson Heights, NY created Scrabble, he first called his game Lexiko and then Criss-Cross Words.
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Francis Lovelace - Governor of New York, Francis Lovelace sent letters up the Boston Post Road aka U.S. Highway 1 from NYC to Boston in 1672, it took 2 weeks. Governor Francis Lovelace announced the NYC to Boston horseback mail run on Dec 10th 1672, it was called monthly but went ever 3 weeks, the first mail was delivered by Jan 22.  Francis Lovelace was sent to NYC in 1668. One of his first acts was to clean the streets, and NYC minds by creating a day of fasting and praying. His reform movement was NYC's 1st, he wished to rid NYC of swearing, intemperance and impiety.  Francis Lovelace the second governor of NYC created NYC's first reform movement. 

Estaban Gomez - born 1478 died spring 1538 . This Black Portuguese navigator Estaban Gomez, was exploring for Charles 5 of Spain in 1525 when he entered the Hudson river, which he called Deer River. He sailed with Magellan in August 1519, and went up the New World's coast from South to North. The Black Portuguese navigator Esteban Gomez was exploring for Charles 5 of Spain in 1525. He reached Florida in August 1525. He filled his boat up with natives which he sold as slaves in San Lucar. Besides San Antonio, what else did Esteban Gomez call the Hudson river ?

Thomas Jefferson - Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) the author of the Declaration of Independence was also an architect, naturalist, and linguist. He did raise Christian eyebrows with his bill for religious liberty. His quotes include: Never put off till to-morrow what you can do to-day;  Never spend your money before you have it; Nothing is troublesome that we do willingly;  Never trouble another for what you can do yourself;  Honesty is the first chapter of the book of wisdom; Banking establishments are more dangerous than standing armies;  and Advertisements contain the only truths to be relied on in a newspaper. One of jeffereson's quotes was, The man who reads nothing at all is better educated than the man who reads nothing but newspapers.  While Thomas Jefferson was Secretary of State he lived on Maiden Lane, Aaron Burr also lived there before moving to Richmond Hill. 


Benjamin Franklin - Benjamin Franklin's greatest quote was guests, like fish, begin to smell after three days. Thomas Jefferson was very enthusiastic about Benjamin Franklin first Declaration of Independence, but it revolted many of the delegates to the Continental Congress.
Besides writing, Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) a confirmed Deist, was an inventor, a politician, a scientist and a musician. He wrote the Declaration of Independence a year before Jefferson, and helped write the Constitution of the United States. Benjamin Franklin did have an illegitimate son named William.  William Franklin was the last Loyalist governor of New Jersey and the illegitimate son of Benjamin Franklin. But all of Benjamin Franklins pennys saved, made sure that William was not pennyless.  Benjamin Franklin said of Americas national symbol, the turkey is a much more respectable bird (than the American Eagle) and a true original native of America.  Benjamin Franklin quotes include: Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise; To lengthen thy life, lessen thy meals; Energy and persistence conquer all things; Well done is better than well said; But in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes; Dost thou love life? Then do not squander time, for thats the stuff life is made of; Never leave that till tomorrow which you can do today; and Benjamin Franklin also said Creditors have better memories than debtors.


Samuel Leggett - The home of the founder of Con Edison (Samuel Leggett), at 7 Cherry Street was the first gas lit house in Manhattan. The home once at 7 Cherry street house was serviced from a gas pipe from the Pearl Street Con Edision headquarters.
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George Washington -  Born in 1732, George Washington traded his Virginian tobacco roots for a a four-story mansion at 1 Cherry Street that owner Walter Franklin let become the first Executive Mansion of the President of America. His tactic of harassing the British for 6 years set up our freedom today. George Washington's dentures were made of gold, hippopotamus tusk, ivory, lead, and human teeth, his favorite dentist John Greenwood (who invented the dental foot engine in 1790) used ivory for the base of the dentures. Washington started losing his teeth in his 20's and owned many sets of dentures. History often talks about Washington's wooden teeth, which was not true, he owned many sets of dentures, none of which were wooden. George Washington's teeth might have been the source of the many chronic infections he suffered, such as dengue fever, malaria, flu, and many rheumatic complaints. In his latter days he could only eat soft foods. His favorite dentist John Greenwood told him to stop soaking his dentures in Port wine, to avoid their discoloration.  
 Washington landed at Murrays Wharf, right next to the famous Coffeehouse Slip on April 23 1789, to take the Presidency. On July 9, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was read in City Hall Park for George Washington and his troops, before the inspired crowd tore down the gold-plated 4,000 pound statue of King George III in Bowling Green. 
 Union Square is known for its equestrian statue of George Washington, but it also has a statue of Abraham Lincoln.
 1 Cherry Street at the Southern side of Cherry Street by the old Franklin Square, was the address of George Washington's first Presidential Mansion (April 23, 1789-Feb. 23, 1790). The home was built in 1770 for Walter Franklin, and was torn down in 1856.
 After George Washington moved from his first Presidential Mansion, he stayed at the 1786 Macomb Mansion at 39-41 Broadway from Feb. 23, 1790, until he left in late August for Philadelphia. Alexander Macomb's Mansion later became a fine hotel. The site at 39-41 Broadway could have been the 1613-1614 site where Adrian Block built 4 small huts for his crew. Adriaen Block's ship supposibly caught fire right off a bay off the Hudson river by the World Trade Center site. A bigger and easier managed bay where his docked boat probably caught fire, was off the East River by the Collect Pond stream. which could be the source for the name Old Wreck Brook.
George Washington's Headquarters were at the 1760 Kennedy House at #1 Broadway, at the west side of Bowling Green, in the early days of the 1776 Revolutionary war.

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Ulysses S. Grant - Ulysses S. Grant lived in New York City in his later years.
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Theodore Roosevelt - Theodore Roosevelt was the only President born (on October 27, 1858) in New York City.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt - Franklin D. Roosevelt  was born in 1882 at Hyde Park, Long Island. This Harvard/Columbia educated Democrat started in the Senate, and as NY Governor before serving 4 terms as President.
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Goovert Loockerman - Goovert Loockerman owned a seven acre cherry orchard in the 1660's which became Cherry Street, after being used as a bowling green by a beer garden.
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Henry Rutgers - Rutgers Houses was a 1965, NYCHA housing development (Five, twenty story buildings) sits on the site of Henry Rutgers (1745 - 1830) farm, between Cherry, Madison, Rutgers and Pike. Henry Rutgers funded the first Tammany Hall construction. Rutger's brewery was not on Stone street.  A family of brewers, the Rutgers included. Jean Rutgers, their forefather, had a brewery in the early 1650's.  Alice, daughter of Anthony Rutgers, married Leonard Lispenard, and one of the latter's sons (Anthony).
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Alfred E. Smith - Alfred E. Smith was the only other Irish Catholic besides JFK who ever was nominated for the Presidency. Republican Herbert Hoover's anti-Catholic rants & KKK fear mongering killed this parkland lovers 1928 Presdential chances.
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Fiorello LaGuardia - Fiorello LaGuardia was NYC's Mayor from 1934 - 1945. During a dozen year term this NYU law grad, built up NYC interstructure and widened its Parks Department by hiring Robert Moses.  John Purroy Mitchel and Fiorello Henry LaGuardia both graduated from New York University Law. Other NY Mayor grads. from New York University Law, were John F. Hylan, Edward I. Koch and Rudolph Giuliani.  Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia renamed the New York Public Library lions from Leo Astor and Leo Lenox, to Patience and Fortitude, to urge citizens to possess these qualities to make it thru the Great Depression.
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James J. Walker - James J. Walker NYC Mayor from 1926 - 1932. Jimmy J. Walker's resignation was forced due to corruption, he often hiked up Variety Newspapers 5th floor show biz speakeasy during Prohibition.
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Robert F. Wagner Jr. - Robert F. Wagner Jr. NYC Mayor from 1954 - 1965. Robert F. Wagner Jr. was a Yale man who started in the State Assembly and created CUNY, he opened the door for all races and colors to enter city government
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John V. Lindsay - This pro civil rights Yale man, named John V. Lindsay, started his political career in Congress, but during this Republicans term at Mayor he had to deal with Transit, Teachers and Garbage strikes. John V. Lindsay and Robert F. Wagner Jr. were part of Yale Universities Scroll and Key. Other Scroll and Key members included Garry Trudeau, Stone Phillips, Benjamin Spock and Cole Porter
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Abraham D. Beame - This Londoner named Abraham D. Beame, grew up on New York and was Mayor frpm Mayor from 1974 - 1977.
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John Fitch - John Fitch built the first working Steamboat in the world, where passengers and freight were carried. Fitch built 4 different steamboats between 1785 and 1796 and tested some of them on the Collect Pond. In August 22, 1787 his 45 foot Steamboat took its trial run on the Delaware River A larger ship soon carried passengers with freight. In 1796, Fitch tested his first experimental steamboats in the Collect Pond. This forgotten by history inventor created the first boat propelled by steam with paddle wheels or screw propellers. Robert Fulton and Chancellor Robert Livingston watched and could have been his passengers.
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Stephen Foster - Dear friends and gentle hearts was the last thing he wrote, it was found on a scrap of paper in his pockets along with 38 cents at Bellevue Hospital. Stephen Foster died on January 13, 1864.
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Edgar Allan Poe - Drunk most likely but broke nevermore, his Penn Magazine was financed from his childhood sweetheart Elmira who he lived comfortably with. Edgar Allan Poe died on October 7, 1849.
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Governor Wouter Van Twiller - Van Twiller bought Nut Island from the Indians in 1637 and used Company laborers to build his Bouwerie on it. Twiller also bought Wards Island in 1637. Twiller was the first non native to live in Greenwich Village (called Bossen Bouwerie in 1633). In 1637, Van Twiller bought Governor's Island (Indians called it Pagganck or Nut Island), he already owned a huge tobacco field in Greenwich village in 1633. It started being called Greenwich Village in 1784. Van Twiller bought Randall's Island in 1637, the Indians called it Minnahanonck. Jonathan Randel bought it in 1784. Van Twiller bought Roosevelt Island (also called Blackwell Island and Wellfare Island), which was bought by Manning in 1668. Van Twiller bought Ward's Island which the Indians called Tenkenas (wild land) in 1637. Ward's Island was also named Buchanan's Island and Great Barn Island.  Wouter van Twiller was a nephew of the patroon Kiliaen Van Rensselaer.  Director Van Twiller a hard drinking man influenced the drinking habits of the Dutch colonists to such an extent that drunkenness soon became a very common occurrence in the community.Walter Van Twiller came to NYC April, 1633 on the ship the Salt Mountain with over 100 soldiers. He was in NYC in 1629 to help select a place for his relative Van Rensselaer's Patroonship. He stayed in NYC for another year as a spy against Minuit's Colonial Government. Van Twiller's information caused the dismissal of Minuit in 1631.
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Governor Richard Nicolls - Richard Nicoll was the first non Dutch Governor in Manhattan, who was put in power when the English first took NYC.
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Governor Peter Minuit - Governor Peter Minuit was the one that history says bought Manhattan island from the Indians, which did not include Nut Island (Governors Island). Minuit created the first public beer brewery in 1632. Peter Minuit's six years ran from 1627-1633, things were calm and no militia were needed.
His boat the Sea Mew was parked in a sheltered cove (Norumbega) where he, his council and his officers slept until houses suitable to their needs could be built.
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John Underwood - Captain John Underwood lead a group of New England mercenaries hired by Governor Kieft to raid Indian villages. these mercenaries were fined, imprisoned, or banished by Governor Stuyvesant.
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John Bowne - John Bowne was a famous Quaker. This farmer who held Quaker services in his home was exiled by Peter Stuyvesant.
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Cornelius Melyn - Cornelius Melyn 1600-1663. This 3rd Patroon of Staten Island, was the chairman of the 8 man council who advised Governor Willem Kieft to pick the famous Indian fighter John Underwood to lead a group of New England mercenaries to raid Indian villages.
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Peter Caesar Alberti - Peter Caesar Alberti was the first Italian resident of NYC, he was a craftsman from Venice who landed in New Amsterdam on May 30, 1635 and was killed with his wife on Nov 9, 1655 by Indians.
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Francesco Vigo - Francesco Vigo (1747-1836) was a very successful Midwestern Italian fur trader who helped the Americans acquisition of the Old Northwest Territory.
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Philip Mazzei- This Florentine nobleman & medical student Philip Mazzei, came to America in 1773, and inspired the political writings of Thomas Jefferson & Thomas Paine.
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Richard Talliaferro- Richard Talliaferro and Ferdinando Finizzi fought with the Americans to gain Independence. Virginia received several Italian craftsmen in 1610, Jamestown in 1622 brought in Venetian glassmakers and vignerons (grape cultivators) from England. 
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Jeremiah Thompson -  Jeremiah Thompson established a cotton trade route that expanded and prolonged southern slavery. In January 1818, Jeremiah Thompson and two other Quakers, established the Black Ball Line to export cotton. This transoceanic and intracoastal shipping service linked New York, southern plantations, and European markets. The New York Manumission Society was created in 1785, at a time when desperate white workers accepted low wages, which made slavery economically obsolete.
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Henry Highland Garnett- Henry Highland Garnett was a prominent abolitionist.
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John Simmons- Innkeeper John Simmons, hosted the 19 men from the first meeting of the New York Manumission Society in his Inn on January 25, 1785. The 2nd meeting had 31 men (including Alexander Hamilton).  The New York Manumission Society urged editors against advertising slave sales and gave free legal help to slaves.
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John Jay - John Jay and a few of his closest friends (mostly slave owners), founded the New York State Society for Promoting the Manumission of Slaves. John Jay was 41 when he helped write the Federalist papers, but he was ill so he didn't contribute as much.
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James Madison - James Madison was 36 when he helped write the Federalist papers, besdies Hamilton he was the biggest contributor and collaborator.
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James Wilson - James Wilson was 45 when he helped write the Federalist papers.
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William Duer - William Duer's three articles were rejected by Hamilton. These Federalist articles which explained the motivation and philosophy of the proposed government and Constitution, were all signed Publius, which was a pseudonym that honored Roman consul Publius.
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Louis Auster - Louis Auster from the Lower east side mixed chocolate syrup, ice-cold milk and a quick jet of seltzer to start a soda fountain trend called the Egg cream.
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Oscar Tschirky - The NYC Waldorf hotel maitre d from 1893 to 1943, Oscar Tschirky introduced Chicken a la King, and also did a great Lobster Newburg and Eggs Benedict.
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Benjamin Franklin - After the bloodshed at Lexington and Concord, Benjamin Franklin was tired of British arrogance, and wrote the first Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson was very enthusiastic about this first Declaration of Independence (not his), but it revolted many of the delegates to the Continental Congress. Benjamin Franklin also helped Jefferson with editorial suggestions on the 1776 version.
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John Adams - Future President John Adams did defend British Captain Thomas Preston, and the 8 soldiers who committed the Boston Massacre (1770), all but two were acquitted, and those two escaped with branded thumbs after the benefit of clergy provision was used.
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Nikola Tesla - Nikola Tesla was an inventor who invented the alternating current (AC). He died penniless on January 7, 1943 in the New Yorker Hotel.
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Virginia Woolf - Virginia Woolf was a well known literary writer who always seemed depressed, right up to her suicide in 1941.
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Jack London - Jack London was the drunken author of The Call of the Wild (only paid a $2,000 flat fee) and John Barleycorn (semi autobiographical) who was living life wild, he died of an morphine overdose at 40.
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John Hertz - Hertz was also the founder of the Yellow Cab taxicab service (Chicago Yellow Cab Company) in Chicago, Illinois on  December 1, 1915. He read a University of Chicago study, which found that yellow was the easiest color to spot. 
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Theodore Roosevelt - The return of Theodore Roosevelt from his safari in Africa, was NYC's fouth ticker-tape parade down Broadway, which occurred on June 18, 1910.
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Admiral Dewey - The return of Admiral Dewey, from Manila, was NYC's second ticker-tape parade down Broadway, that happened September 30, 1899.
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 Jack Binns - The third ticker-tape parade down Broadway (in early 1909), honored SS Republic's radio operator Jack Binns. This 26 year old, turned down a job aboard the maiden voyage of the Titanic, because he had just fallen in love.
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Charles Lindbergh - June 13, 1927 was the 21st ticker-tape parade down Broadway. This parade honored Charles Lindbergh, following his solo transatlantic flight. This parade came one year after Richard Byrds flight over the North Pole, and just before Byrds transatlantic flight.
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Edna St Vincent Millay - Edna St Vincent Millays mother Cora Lounella (Buzzelle) was a nurse. Saint Vincent Hospital was where Edna St Vincent Millays uncles life was saved just prior to her birth. A few days later, this unconventional, bohemian poet named Edna St Vincent Millay, was born on February 22, 1892. Edna St Vincent Millay married Eugene Jan Boissevain, but that was an open marrage (lucky for poet George Dillon). Edna went both ways, and liked to be called Vincent. Edna St Vincent Millays dad was the one with the last name Millay, her mom divorced him for financial irresponsibility (he was a teacher). She was the first woman to receive the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry (1923). Harping about their affairs and their opinions, every day at the San Remo Bar on 92 Macdougal, was like a Seinfeld episode, played by Edna St. Vincent Millay, Mable Dodge, Emma Goldman, Alexander Berkman, Max Eastman and John Reed.
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J. Scott Hartley - The Salmagundi Art Club was originally started in 1871, as the New York Sketch Club by J. Scott Hartley. Salmagundi was a stew with many ingredients. Salmagundi was like NYC a city with many different people, a perfect analogy from Washington Irving. The Salmagundi Art Club moved to 47 Fifth Avenue (between 11th and 12th Streets) in 1917, after meeting in the home of Alice Don Levy.
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Edward Albee - Edward Albee interpreted the graffiti he saw in a bathroom at the Ninth Circle theatre, that read Who's afraid of Virginia Woolf, to mean Who's afraid of living life large. Breakfast at Tiffanys was a play written by Edward Albee in 1966. Edward Albee adapted his work called Ballad of the Sad Cafe, from author Carson McCullers in 1963. The play the Man Who Had Three Arms was written by Edward Albee in 1981. 
Edward Albee wrote What could be worse than getting to the end of your life and realizing you hadn't lived it.
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e.e. cummings - Poet Edward Estlin Cummings lived at #4 Patchin Place. e.e. cummings favorite comic strip was Krazy Kat. He died in 1962 of a brain hemorrhage.

Djuna Barnes - Djuna Barnes lived at #5 Patchin Place for over forty years. She was known for her novel Nightwood.

John Reed - John Reed wrote Ten Days that Shook the World, and lived with his writer wife feminist Louise Bryant.

T.S. Elliot - T.S. Elliot often visited e.e. cummings at #4 Patchin Place, so did Ezra Pound and Dylan Thomas.

John Masefield - John Masefield was an English poet and writer who lived on Patchin Place. Theodore Dreiser and Marlon Brando also lived on Patchin Place.

Emma Lazarus - Jewish American poet Emma Lazarus wrote The New Colossus in 1883. Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. 

Herman Melville - Born in NYC in 1819, Herman Melville greatest book Moby Dick (1851) became famous after his death. Quotes include Call me Ishmael, Ignorance is the parent of fear and Yea, foolish mortals, Noahs flood is not yet subsided; two thirds of the fair world it yet covers.

Mickey Spillane - Brooklyn born Frank Morrison Spillane aka Mickey created the Mike Hammer character. An old quote from I the Jury Im the jury now,and the judge,and I have a promise to keep, I sentence you to death.

Thomas Paine - Thomas Paine (1737-1809) the author of Common Sense in 1776, helped start the American revolution, but was vilified for his atheism.

Thomas Jefferson - Thomas Jefferson the author of the Declaration of Independence, was also an architect, naturalist, and linguist. He did raise Christian eyebrows with his bill for religious liberty.

Herbert Levi Osgood - Herbert Levi Osgood was a historian, George Louis Beer too. Other historians included James Ford Rhodes, Moses Coit Tyler, & Edward Channing.

Lawrence Henry Gipson- Lawrence Henry Gipson was a historian, Charles McLean Andrews too. Other historians included Herbert Baxter Adams, James Harvey Robinson, Frederick Jackson Turner & Charles Austin Beard.

Betty Compton - The mistress of Mayor Jimmy Walker (actress Betty Compton) lived at #12 Gay Street. Jimmy bought the haunted rowhouse for Betty his mistress who became his wife after 1932. 

 Joseph D. Pistone - The detective who goes undercover as a jewel expert named Donnie Brasco was based on the true story of Joseph D. Pistone. Donnie Brasco had a half million dollar contract on his head from the Mafia.
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John Wojtowicz -  John Wojtowicz (Littlejohn Basso to his gay pals) ratted out the groups demonstration plans to Mike Umbers (Mafia manager of Christophers End). The famous Stonewall Tavern was also Mafia owned. John lived in Boys Town, a gay boarding house, he was Al Pacino's character from the film Dog Day Afternoon.
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 Joe Kennedy -  Joe Kennedy helped spark the Gay Riots that tried to halt the filming of the Al Pacino film Cruising.
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Abraham Lincoln - Abraham Lincoln might have also been illegitimate, like his mother Nancy Hanks, who might have had an affair with Abraham Enloe. Union Square is known for its equestrian statue of George Washington but it also has a statue of Abraham Lincoln.
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Robert E. Lee - Robert E. Lee the son of a Virginia governor, was defeated at the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg. He ended up becoming the  president of Washington College.
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Peter Koch - In 1633, Peter Koch built NYC's first house at 1 Broadway, and openned it into a tavern which got great business from the soldiers in the fort next door.
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Signor Martini di Arma di Taggia - Signor Martini di Arma di Taggia was a bartender at New Yorks Knickerbocker Hotel, he claims to have invented the dry martini, but Martinis were made in NYC prior to 1912.
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David De Vries - David De Vries was a distinguished soldier whose influence helped build a proper stone church (like ones he saw in New England) in the fort in 1642.The 72 foot building in the fort was called the  Church of St. Nicholas.
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Jacob Leisler - The most famous resident of the Strand (lower Pearl street) was Jacob Leisler who was hanged for treason.
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Roger Baker - A painting of King William of Orange, was on a sign that hung over the front door of Roger Baker's establishment called Kings Head Inn, in 1701.  The Kings Head Inn was the first English Inn in NYC.
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William Beekman (1623-1707) came to NYC on the boat The Princess, with Peter Stuyvesant, he was the Beekman William street was named for. William built his final home on Pearl and Beekman Street. William was one of the two Commissioners that built the Wall street wall. Beekman was the first to build a slip and created land between the high and low water marks in the East River. Gerardus Beekman (1559-1625) had 2 sons named William, the first William died young he never made it to even be 5 years old, a second William (who became a doctor) lived 86 years. Ann Beekman was the wife. William Beekman continued the brewery of George Holmes. William Beekman died in 1707 at the age of 84. The Downtown Ann Street was named for one of Gerardus Beekmans kids.
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Stephanus Van Cortlandt - Brewer Stephanus Van Cortlandt, was Mayor of NYC in 1677. Oloff Van Cortlandt too was a brewer who lived on Stone (formerly Brewer) Street, whose wife pushed for the first paved street. Oloft Stevenzen Van Cortlandt owned the brewery that named Brewer street and Stone street. By 1661 most of NYC's main streets had cobblestones.
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Jean Vigne - Brewer Jean Vigne had a tavern in Smith's Valley by Wall Street and Pearl. Born in 1614, Jean Vigne was the first white male person born in New Netherland. Jean Vigne  was born in 1614 at Block & Christiansen's brewhouse in NYC, making him the first brewer born in the New World.
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Harmanus Rutgers - Harmanus Rutgers I,II and III, were brewers who had their family business on top of a hill called Rutgers hill, by the North side of Maiden Lane on Gold street. Rutger's brewery was not on Stone street.  A family of brewers, the Rutgers included. Jean Rutgers, their forefather, had a brewery in the early 1650's.  Alice, daughter of Anthony Rutgers, married Leonard Lispenard, and one of the latter's sons (Anthony).
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Jean Rutgers - Jean Rutgers brewery was built before 1653. Rutger's brewery was not on Stone street.  A family of brewers, the Rutgers included. Jean Rutgers, their forefather, had a brewery in the early 1650's.  Alice, daughter of Anthony Rutgers, married Leonard Lispenard, and one of the latter's sons (Anthony).
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Ann White - 1728, Ann Street was named after Mrs. Ann White, who was married to Capt. Thomas White a developer and merchant. Part of William was named Anne street in 1748, as part of Lafayette was called Ann in the 1790's. 
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John Heperding -  John street was named after a shoemaker John Heperding, who in 1728 and 1729, rented out his home to the Jews of the Congregation Shearith Israel.  Shoe maker John Heperdin, also sold these early NYC Jews, the land at 18 South William street for their first real NYC synagogue. John Heperding lived on the corner of Broadway and Maiden Lane, and also on High Street (Stone?) between Broad and William.  John left a portion of his land to the Dutch Reformed Church. Many tanneries set up on 16 acres of land that was owned by an association of shoemakers, land which was called shoemaker's pasture. Shoemakers pasture ran on the East side of Broadway from Ann down to Maiden Lane. Just north of this pasture was the Spring Garden resort. With other shoemakers and tanners they bought land from Maiden Lane to Ann street on the East side of Broadway, all the way back to Gold street.
Peter Schermerhorn - Peter Schermerhorn merged several NYC water lots in 1793, to create Schermerhorn Row in 1810-1812.
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John Chambers - In 1731, John Chambers got the Common Councils approval for a water lot, a year after the Montgomerie Charter (which allowed the sale of land 400 feet out into the river) was passed.
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Governor Dongan - Governor Dongan raised revenue for NYC by starting to sell water lots in 1686, starting NYC landfill craze. Peter Stuyvesant called his mansion at the watery end of Whitehall Street, Government House. The English Governor Dongan named it Whitehall after Stuyvesant's time. 
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Governor Colonel Benjamin Fletcher - Governor Colonel Benjamin Fletcher had his own special pew built in the first Trinity Church.
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William Vesey - Installed by Governor Fletcher, Reverend William Vesey was the first rector of Trinity Church, who started March 13, 1698.
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Benjamin Moore - Benjamin Moore was the rector of the second Trinity Church consecrated on March 5. 1801. The first Trinity was built in 1697, and was destroyed by fire in 1776.
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Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright - Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright  was the rector of the second Trinity Church in 1838. A third Trinity Church was built in 1846, after the winter made the second unsound.
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Samuel Provoost -  Samuel Provoost was the rector of Trinity Church from 1784 until 1800.
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Oceanus Hopkins -  Oceanus Hopkins was the first European born in the New World, he was born on the Mayflower to a Pilgrim couple.
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Isaac Low - Isaac Low was chairman of the Committees of Correspondence. The Committees of Correspondence (groups of critics formed by colonial assemblies to coordinate action against England) met on May 23, 1774, at the Merchants Coffee House. This was the first existence of papers that created the union of the colonies. The first Committees of Correspondence was in Boston in 1764, to oppose the Currency Act. Handwritten letters about a particular issue of dissatisfaction with the British, were taken aboard ships or delivered by horseback to similar groups in the colonies and even other foriegn powers. In 1765, NYC first Committees of Correspondence was formed to deal with the Stamp Act Crisis. A specific problem was tackled by these committees, who disbanded when a resolution was created. Blogs are todays Committees of Correspondence that will help fight Second American Revolution.
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George S. Boutwell - Secretary of the Treasury (1869-1873), George S. Boutwell was a radical congressman from Massachusetts.
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William A. Richardson - William A. Richardson took over in 1873, as Secretary of the Treasury, but he was removed (and made a Judge instead) by Grant for his irregular tax collection scheme called Sanborn Contracts.
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Benjamin H. Bristow - Benjamin H. Bristow took over as Secretary of the Treasury, after William A. Richardson was ejected (for his irregular tax collection scheme called Sanborn Contracts), Bristow smashed an Internal Revenue conspiracy to steal liquor taxes, that was called the Whiskey Ring.
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Orville E. Babcock - President Grant's private secretary and former Civil War aide, Orville E. Babcock, was involved in the Whiskey Ring, but Grant saved his job.
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Solon Borglum - The Native Americans on the statue created by Solon Borglum, on St. Marks Church were called Aspiration and Inspiration. Solon Borglum's brother Gutzon carved the heads on Mount Rushmore.
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Leonardo Nole - The golden statue of Prometheus, just above the skating rink in Rockefeller Center was called Leaping Looie after its model Leonardo Nole.
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Samuel Cox - Samuel Cox (1824&#8212;1889) got a statue in the SW corner of Tompkins Square Park for tring to increase salaries and improve postal workers working conditions. He is buried in Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, N.Y.
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Walter Winchell - Walter Winchell helped plug the Stork Club, on 3 East 53rd Street, in the Daily Mirror with his nationally syndicated column.
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Hector Boiardi - Hector Boiardi, phoneticly changed it to (Chef) Boyardee for easier spelling & selling his thick tomato sauce (first in milk bottles). His restaurant Il Giardino d&#8217;Italia in Cleveland (1929), merged with American Home Foods.
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Fernand Petiot  - American bartender, Fernand Petiot invented the Bloody Mary in Paris in 1921, at Harry's New York Bar, but brought it to the States to John Jacob Astor's St. Regis hotel, who called it Red Snapper.
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Phineas Taylor Barnum - Barnum's fabrications started in the Fall of 1835, when he bought Joice Heth, George Washingtons 161 year old nurse, for $1000 (she had papers that stated she was 54, and that she was sold to Washingtons father in Feb. 5, 1727), When this slave died, they figured she was really around 80 years old.  The Fijee Mermaid was not really a mermaid, this stuffed creature was really two creatures stiched together, it was half monkey (upper) half fish (lower). Barnums Little Woolly Horse was another of his skyrockets or advertisements to attract attention to his real oddities. Phineas Taylor Barnum's biggest attraction was Jumbo the elephant, his impresario gig was Jenny Lind, the Swedish Nightingale, his smallest at 25 inches was General Tom Thumb(Charles Stratton), discovered at the age of 5 in 1842, Commodore Nutt was Barnums second midget. Phineas Taylor Barnum also made the Siamese Twins, Chang and Eng famous.  P.T. Barnums Traveling Worlds Fair, Great Roman Hippodrome and Greatest Show On Earth opened in April of 1871 (Barnum was over 60 when he went Circus), in Brooklyn (before the show traveled from Maine to Kansas). Phineas Taylor Barnum's circus merged with James A. Bailey ten years later (1881). Phineas Taylor Barnum offered $50,000 for the Cardiff Giant to his competitor David Hannum, but Hannum would not sell. Barnum never said, There's a sucker born every minute, that quote was from Hannum. Barnum once spent time in prison accused of libel when he worked for a country newspaper.
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Barnum's first museum opened in 1841, after he took over Scudders Museum, off Ann Street on the SE corner of Broadway.  P.T. Barnum's American Museum had America's 1st public aquarium (1856 or 1857), it was called Barnums Ocean and River Gardens.  Just after 1861, Barnum presented the first NYC aquarium exhibit of Beluga whales. Living in a brick and cement tank in the American Museums basement. The Belugas died quickly, and more were put in a glass tank on 2nd floor. A roof top garden featured hot-air balloon rides. A small fire hit the Barnum museum on November 25, 1864, but all five floors of P.T. Barnum's American Museum burnt down just after noon on July 13, 1865, due to a fire in the engine room that created steam for the aquarium.  Barnum's second location (539-541 Broadway, between Spring and Prince Streets on the west side of Broadway) which offered daily educational performances, took over the building that once housed the former Chinese Rooms(1851), Broadway Casino (1852), Buckley's Minstrel Hall(1853) and Melodeon Concert Hall (1858-1861). Barnum also had partnered up with the Van Amburgh Menagerie Company, so even larger animals (like elephants, rhino. lions, tigers, & leopards) could be exhibited. Barnum's New Museum or Barnum and Van Amburgh Museum and Menagerie Company, opened September 6,1865, but like the first, Barnum's New American Museum burned down May 3rd, 1868 (due to a fire in the basement restaurant).  Barnum's Circus, Museum and Menagerie on 14th street (across from the Academy of Music, by 3rd Ave.) caught fire at 4:10 AM on December 24, 1872 once again burning all the animals to death. In April 1874, Barnum's 8000 seat Hippodrome (1st called Barnum's Monster Classical and Geological Hippodrome) was opened on Madison Street between 26 & 27th. (also the site of the 1st Madison Square Garden). This venue included chariot races, Wild West shows, waltzing elephants & circus acts galore. Some of P.T Barnum's live attractions were kept cozy for the winter in the NYC zoo.  In 1887, the  Barnum & Bailey Circus's Bridgeport, Connecticut property was destroyed by fire. P. T. Barnum died in his sleep April 7, 1891
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Commodore Nutt - Commodore Nutt was a midget who came in 1862, after the famous General Tom Thumb who he discovered in 1842. 
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Isaac Van Amburgh - The Zoological Institute at 37-39 Bowery,  opened in 1821. Isaac Van Amburgh was the first animal trainer to put his head into a lion's mouth. By 1835, the site of America's first permanent zoo became the Bowery Amphitheater where on January 31, 1843, the Virginia Minstrels blackface minstrel shows started.
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Robert Moses - Robert Moses built a storybook themed zoo in 1934, where the current zoo in Central Park is now.
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Edward Ridley - The pink E.S. Ridley Department Store (mid 1850's-1901) was one of the major retailers on Grand, located at 309-311 Grand, on the SW corner of Orchard (only 4 blocks east of Lord & Taylor). An extension of the Edward Ridley & Sons store was also opened at 58-70 Allen street, but the whole east side of Allen street was demolished to expand Allen street in 1931. Almost 2,000 people were employeed by E.S. Ridley Department Store in NYC.
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Mayor C Godfey Gunther - Mayor C Godfey Gunther's 1861 win, brought the end of Fernando Wood, but a new state law also brought the end to Mayor C Godfey Gunther's beloved volunteer fire companies. Volunteer fire companies, were forced into obsolescence by the creation of the five year Metropolitan Fire District and the Metropolitan Fire Department (MFD) (replaced because of the Tweed Charter, by the FDNY). Anti-Tammany and anti-abolitionist groups, as well as Copperheads, and other Peace Democrats made C Godfey Gunther, Mayor of NYC.
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Mayor Jimmy Walker - Mayor Jimmy Walker lived close by his birthplace at 110 Leroy Street, until 1932 (when he resigned and hide out in Europe), at 6 St. Lukes Place.  James J. Walker Park at St. Lukes Place and Hudson Street, lies on the old Trinity Parish Cemetery, where Edgar Allen Poe liked to wander around for inspiration. Mayor Jimmy Walkers Versailles, was at the Central Park Casino. Jimmy prefered to do business at the Central Park Casino, than down at City Hall. Jimmy was often a visitor to the speakeasy on the 5th floor of the old Variety office on 46th street.
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Governor Thomas A. Dewey - Dewey was Governor from 1943-1955, he ran unsuccessfully for U.S. Presidency in 1944 and 1948. Just below the observation deck in the 1930 Bank of Manhattan Trust Building skyscraper at 40 Wall Street, was Governor Dewey illegal pad (zoned for commercial usage only). Rockefeller interests who Dewey protected, made the illegal do-able (NYC's business as usual). 
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Hendrick Van Dyck - On September 15, 1655, Hendrick Van Dyck shot a young Indian girl who was stealing a Peach from his tree. This caused hundreds of Indians to attack NYC the next day (an arrow wounded Van Dyck), and about 100 women & children were held captive and ransomed due to the Peach Tree War.
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Herman Mynderts van den Bogaert  - Herman Mynderts van den Bogaert was a ship barber who the West India Company made NYC's first doctor in 1630. The blood red stripes on the barber pole should have given it away.
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Hendrick Rycken - Blacksmith's in NYC included Hendrick Rycken (1663).
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Johannes La Montagne - Johannes La Montagne was the second Doctor in NYC (1637) and was also a member of the Supreme Council and Vice Director of Fort Orange.
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Hans Kierstede - Hans Kierstede was the third Dutch doctor in NYC. Other early NYC surgeons were Jan Croon, Aldart Swatout, Jacob Hughes, Varre Vanger and Jacob Hendrick. Hans Kierstede was the doctor who helped Dr Jacob Hendrickson Varrevanger. 
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Peter van der Linde - Peter van der Linde was the fourth Dutch doctor in NYC. Other early NYC surgeons were Jan Croon, Aldart Swatout, Jacob Hughes, Varre Vanger and Jacob Hendrick.
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John Cabot - John Cabot got England fishing rights, after exploring Newfoundland, Nova Scotia & Labrador. Cabot reached American first, which let England claim the whole east coast of North America. His son Sebastian Cabot was on that boat as well.
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Prince Henry - The Navigator called Prince Henry was not English he was a Portuguese dreamer, scholar, monk and crusader.
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John Davis- The English navigator named John Davis, looked for the Northwest Passage from 1585 to 1587.
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Coenrat Ten Eyck - Coenrat Ten Eyck lived at Coenties Slip, which was named after him and his wife Antye Ten Eyck. Coen and Antye.
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Ben Johnson - Ben Johnson was the hangman in 1672, who could not hang himself for robbery, so he was whipped and banished after they cut off one ear.
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Adam Roelantsen - Adam Roelantsen was NYC's first teacher (students paid 2 Beaver skins per year), he also had a washing business at the foot of Maiden Lane.
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Anthony Van Fees - Around 1642, Anthony Van Fees paid $9.60 for a city lot on Bridge street ( the first recorded city lot sale).
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Tryntje Clock - Tryntje Clock lived and worked at the corner of Pearl and Hanover. Tryntje was skilled at the use of herb medicines.
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Harry Venn - Ann Street was a favorite street for drinking volunteer firemen, in the 1830's they drank at Harry Venn's Tavern at 13 Ann Street. This tavern was run by old respected fireman (and poet of classics like, Hot Mutton Pie) Harry Venn. Harry Venn died in 1879.
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David Provost - Dewitt Clinton and David Provost were regulars of the Shakespeare Tavern, at the Southeast corner of Fulton and Nassau Streets. The 7th Regiment was organized at this Tavern.
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Femimore Cooper. - Edward Windust's restaurant (1824-1865) on Ann street was NYC's most famous resort in the days of the Park Theatre, customers included Washington Irving and Femimore Cooper.
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Sandy Welsh - Sandy Welsh had a resort in the basement of the American Museum on Ann and Broadway, it was frequented by famous politicians.
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Isaiah Rynders - Sweeney's restaurant most famous customer was Captain Isaiah Rynders a rich gambler who lead street gangs and created the Empire Club ( the criminal subordinate of Tammany Hall). First located on Ann Street, Sweeney's restaurant moved to 66 Chatham Street by Duane in 1850. Rynders opened the Five Points gang hangout called the Empire Club at 25 Park Row. 
Captain Isaiah Rynders was an old political boss of the 6th ward and Tammany Hall politician who owned the Empire Club on Park Row. Rynders had helped lead the Astor Place Riots as the leader of the Plug Uglies and the Dead Rabbits.

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Evertsen - 4 brothers named Evertsen settled in NYC and Jersey City (then called Pavonia) around 1638, they owned NYC's first tannery.
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Adrian Van Laar - Shoemaker and tanner in 1664 that lived on Stone street (Hoogh Straat) between Broad and William.
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Arent Isaacksen - Arent Isaacksen was a shoemaker who lived on Stone street (Hoogh Straat) between Broad and William.
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Jochem Beekman - Shoemaker who lived on the SE corner of Broad (Heere Graft) and Beaver streets.
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Pieter Winster - Pieter Winster was a shoemaker who lived next to the Ten Eyck's. He was one of the shoemakers who set up his tannery in the swamps west of Broad street and north of Beaver street (once called the sheep pasture), who used a small brook for their tanning operations.
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Coenraet Ten Eyck - Coenraet Ten Eyck was a shoe dealer and tanner. Coenraet lived on Broad (Heere Graft) between Beaver and Pearl. The Ten Eyck tannery was in the swamps of Beaver street, on the west side of Broad. After Coenraet died in 1680 his 3 sons (Dirck, Tobias and Coenraet Jr.) took over the tannery and other parts of the huge business he had built up since the 1650's. 
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Abel Hardenbrook -Shoemaker and tanner whose tan pits in 1661, fronted on Exchange Place (then called Prince Graft) by the corner of Broad. He owned a bark mill with other shoemakers, and lived on Stone street, one of the finest blocks in NYC at the time. 
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Jacob Abrahams - Jacob Abrahams was a tanner who lived on Stone street, one of the finest blocks in NYC at the time.In 1676 no tanner could also be a shoemaker, and visa versa.
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Carsten Luerse - One of the original proprietors (along with Coenraet Ten Eyck, John Heperding and Jacob Abrahams) of the 2nd shoemakers tanning operations. This 2nd area was on the North side of Maiden lane, just east of William street. In 1696, three more tanners joined into the Maiden lane tan pits, they were Abraham Santfort, Charles Lodwick and Heiltje Cloppers.
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Governor Edmund Andros - In August 1676, Governor Andros and his council gave the monopoly to two tanners, and stopped all others from tanning. Tanners on Broad included Abel Hardenbrook on Exchange Place, Pieter Winster was just North of Beaver, Coenraet Ten Eyck was by Beaver, nearby was tanneries owned by Jacob Abrahams and Adrian Van Laar.
The tan pits moved to Collect pond in 1720. On the old outskirts of the old city, beyond the Jews Cemetery, the British prisons dumped cartloads of dead patriotic bodies during the British occupation of NYC. (1776-1783). These trenches off Chatham Square seem to be lost to history.
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Dirck Van der Clyff - Between Fulton Street and Maiden lane, east of Gold street was the orchard of Dirck Van der Clyff, that Cliff Street was named after.
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Andrew Beekman - Andrew Beekman the son of Gerardus Beekman, was killed in the revolt, his dad Gerardus helped prosecute the slaves of the 1712 and 1741 slave revolts. Just before NYC's first negro uprising (April 7th, 1712 at 1 AM), out of roughly 5,000 African American slaves working in NYC, a few of them gathered in Mr. Cooke's Apple orchard by Maiden lane. After setting Peter Van Tilburgh's house (or outhouse) on fire they killed some of the white people who came to put it out. 2 slaves killed the 3 owners that treated them the worse, Andrew Beekman, Joris Marschalk and Adrian Hoighlandt. The Downtown Ann Street was named for one of Gerardus Beekmans kids.
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Joris Marschalk - Just before NYC's first negro uprising (April 7th, 1712 at 1 AM), out of roughly 5,000 African American slaves working in NYC, a few of them gathered in Mr. Cooke's Apple orchard by Maiden lane. After setting Peter Van Tilburgh's house (or outhouse) on fire they killed some of the white people who came to put it out. 2 slaves killed the owners that treated them the worse, Andrew Beekman, Joris Marschalk and Adrian Hoighlandt. Joris Marschalk was baptized on Feb. 27th , 1691, his father was Andries Marschalk, and mother was Elisabeth Van Gelder.
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Adrian Hoighlandt - Just before NYC's first negro uprising (April 7th, 1712 at 1 AM), out of roughly 5,000 African American slaves working in NYC, a few of them gathered in Mr. Cooke's Apple orchard by Maiden lane. After setting Peter Van Tilburgh's house (or outhouse) on fire they killed some of the white people who came to put it out. 2 slaves killed the owners that treated them the worse, Andrew Beekman, Joris Marschalk and Adrian Hoighlandt.
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Gerardus Beekman - Andrew Beekman the son of Gerardus Beekman, was killed in the revolt, his dad Gerardus helped prosecute the slaves of the 1712 and 1741 slave revolts. Just before NYC's first negro uprising (April 7th, 1712 at 1 AM), out of roughly 5,000 African American slaves working in NYC, a few of them gathered in Mr. Cooke's Apple orchard by Maiden lane. After setting Peter Van Tilburgh's house (or outhouse) on fire they killed some of the white people who came to put it out. 2 slaves killed the 3 owners that treated them the worse, Andrew Beekman, Joris Marschalk and Adrian Hoighlandt. The Downtown Ann Street was named for one of Gerardus Beekmans kids.
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Governor Robert Hunter  - After hearing gunfire from the 1712 slave rebellion, Governor Robert Hunter called out the militia, and stopped the revolt.  
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Cryn Frederickz van Lobbrecht (Cryn Fredericks) -In 1625, Military Engineer and Surveyor, Cryn Frederickz van Lobbrecht (Cryn Fredericks) helped Willem Verhulst pick the site of the town, just above the southern tip of Manhattan.
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Willem Kieft - Governor Willem Kieft released most of the slaves after 18 or 19 years (which meant some came in 1625), in 1644 after they helped defend the fort from Indians, he gave them farmland in the west side of NYC, in what would be Greenwich Village and SoHo. The parents were freed but their children were not.
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Groot Manuel de Gerrit - slave that survived the hangman's noose 3 times (for a bar room brawl) and pardoned.
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Captain Isaiah Rynders - Captain Isaiah Rynders was an old political boss of the 6th ward and Tammany Hall politician who owned the Empire Club on Park Row. Rynders had helped lead the Astor Place Riots as the leader of the Plug Uglies and the Dead Rabbits.
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John Kelly - This leader of Tammany Hall was called  "Honest John" Kelly, and helped bring down the Tweed ring.
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W. T. Havemeyer - Elected NYC mayor in 1845, W. T. Havemeyer completed NYC's waterworks, and helped organize the police department.
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Jacob Brown - In 1791 representatives of the Fire Dept met at the house of Jacob Brown on Nassau street to start a fund for sick, indigent and disabled firemen, and their widows and orphans.
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Daniel Ludlow - 1st president of Aaron Burr's Manhattan Bank, Aaron Burr was one of its directors.
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Andrew Mortier - The 1750, Richmond Hill mansion at the southeast corner of Varick and Charlton streets (about 100 feet east of Varick to be exact). Richmond Hill mansion was built by the Paymaster of the British Army, Andrew Mortier. Before the Battle of Long Island, George Washington slept here.
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Sir Guy Carleton - One of the last of the British officers who took over the Richmond Hill mansion was Sir Guy Carleton, the last commander of the British Army. From 1781-1783 he was the Commander in Chief of North America, replacing Sir Henry Clinton,  he was replaced by General John Campbell (17th of Strachur).
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Thomas Hickey - Legend says, Miss Phoebe Fraunces (mistress of Thomas Hickey) was ordered to add poison to George Washington's favorite pea dish in 1776. Governor Tryons alleged plot was supposibly aided by several Tavern keepers and a guard named Thomas Hickey. Hickey was one of George Washington's bodyguards who was found guilty of treason, mutiny and sedition, and was hung on June 28, 1776, in front of 20,000 spectators at Rutger's farm by Grand and Chrystie streets.  Hickey planed to poison Washington's peas, and other American officers (as well as blowing up the towns Magazine), but the plot was revealed by Phoebe the daughter of Sam Francis (the owner of Francis Tavern). Washington according to the story threw the poisoned peas out the window, and watched the chickens eat them and fall over dead.
Besides Governor Tryon and Thomas Hickey, David Matthews the Mayor, was also involved in the plot.
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General James Wolfe - Monument Lane was named after the Obelisk (monument) to General Wolfe at 15th street and 8th Avenue. Wolfe was a hero of Quebec, who died in the 1759 battle, after rejecting medical attention after being wounded in his hand, groin and chest. 
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Thomas Downing - African-American owner of Downing's Oyster House who restaurant was part of the Underground Railroad at 23 Wall Street at the SE corner of Nassau and Wall.
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Governor Francis Lovelace - Governor Francis Lovelace set up the NYC to Boston monthly mail post in 1672 or 1673, which named the path the Boston Post Road (now Rt 1). Lovelace also created the Merchants Exchange.
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Captain John Van Arsdale - Before they left NYC, the British greased the flagpole at Bowling Green, but Captain John Van Arsdale used cleats to replace the Union Jack with the Stars and Stripes before the British sailed away.
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Mrs Day - The last battle of the Revolutionary war was during the last few hours before British Major Cunningham left NYC.
An American flag on Mrs Day's Murray Street boardinghouse/tavern was attacked by Major Cunningham himself around 9 AM on Evacuation day (November 25, 1783). Trying to take down Mrs Day's flag, he got a bloody nose instead, as Mrs. Day's broomstick proved itself a worthy weapon against the British Provost Marshal. Day's Tavern was at 128th Street and Saint Nicholas Avenue.
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Henry Clapp  - Henry Clapp was the editor of The Saturday Press in 1858. Under an 1850 hotel at 645 Broadway (by Bleecker Street) was Pfaff's (1856), a famous restaurant where Henry Clapp became the first King of Bohemia. Walt Whitman hated to miss a night in Charlie Pfaff's basement cave. The glassed-over vaults in the sidewalks added light to this basement restaurant.
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Andrew Carnegie - Andrew Carnegie, the founder of Pittsburgh's Carnegie Steel Company gave away most of his wealth to libraries, schools, and universities across America.
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Henry Clay Frick - Partners with Andrew Carnegie, Henry Clay Frick is known for his art collection now displayed in his old mansion at Fifth Avenue and 70th Street.
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John Morton - The British called John Morton the rebel banker, because he loaned large sums of money to the Continental Congress.
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Jay Gould - Jay Gould was an orchid collector and flower-loving botanist who considered himself the most hated man in America. Gould helped create the Black Friday of 1869, which gave him the name the Little Skunk of Wall Street, he was also known as the spider. He died from overwork at the age of 56.
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Mayer Amschel Rothschild - The founder of the Rothschild family banking empire, Mayer Amschel Rothschild got rich by managing the immense fortune of Wilhelm IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel during Napoleon's reign.
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Isaac Barre - A  Member of Parliament named Isaac Barre was a supporter of the American colonists, he first called Americans the Sons of Liberty, who would resist the Stamp Act tax of 1765. The Liberty Boys had no interest in total liberty from England when they first organized. The Liberty Boys originally just wanted for Americans to decide their own taxes. The idea for freedom from religious persecution came afterwards. The Liberty Boys had a small agenda when they first organized. 
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Mrs Corlear's - The Corlear family were 17th century Dutch landowners who owned the land by this once hook shaped hilly marshland by the East River. The hills were flattened and the landfill made great docks for NYC early shipping history. Corlear's Point was a site of an early village called Crown Point.
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Hendrick Hendriksen Kip - Kips Bay once a haven for pirates and smugglers, covers the area from 24th to 34th Street between 3rd Avenue and the East River. It was once a small bay off Hendrick Hendriksen Kip's farm, which was next to the Belle Vue Farm (purchased in 1794).
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Jean Allefonsce born Jean Fonteneau - Jean Allefonsce visited the French fort of Norumbega in 1542, it could have been off the Hudson, but most think it was the Penobscot River. On Champlains map of 1612, the Penobscot River is called Naranberga. The French fort of Norumbega was on a small island in a fresh water lake, this pinpoints the Collect Pond as its most likely NYC location of the French fur traders village & blockhouse. Arthur James Weise of Troy, has great points about the Hudson being the Norumbega as a corruption of Anormee Berge (Palisades). The village of Norumbega was at the head of the bay into which it emptied, that could have been NYC. Allefonsce claimed that the river of Norumbega was salt for almost 90 miles past its mouth.
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Arthur James Weise of Troy, has great points about the Hudson being the Norumbega as a corruption of Anormee Berge (Palisades).
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Casimir Goerck - Casimir Goerck was a surveyor who was commissioned in 1797 with partner Joseph F. Mangin to create an official map of NYC. Goerck died a year later. Mangin finished the plan in 1803. Livingston, Gates and Martha streets were part of the Mangin-Goerck Plan of 1803, but were never built. Other streets in the old Stuyvesant Farm grid were Dow, White Cruger, Dove, Spruce, Rensselaer, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Antwerp and Bruges.

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John Bowne -  John Bowne let Quakers (blasphemous hereticks) hold religious services in his home, and in 1663 he was banished by Anti-Semitic Peter Stuyvesant.
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Resolve Waldron - Peter Stuyvesant's sheriff who on Sept. 1, 1662, arrested John Bowne in his Flushing home for holding Quaker services.
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Peter T Curtenius - Ironmonger Peter T Curtenius made Franklin Stoves, kettles &  pots in the 1770s. His Ironwork factory caused the 1st unclean air law, this law applied to large manufacturers only, not mom and pops operations.

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Asser Levy - Asser Levy came with the Jews escaping Recife, Brazil due to the onslaught of the Inquisition. Asser opened a Kosher butcher shop and dabbled in NYC real estate.
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Jacob bar Simson - Jacob bar Simson was an Ashkenazi Jew from Northern Europe who arrived in NYC on August 22, 1654, on the Dutch ship Pereboom (Pear Tree).  Jacob bar Simson was the first Jewish settler in NYC. Jacob Bar Simson was summoned to court on his Sabbath, he got away with not responding due to his religion.
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Abraham de Lucena - Abraham de Lucena got in trouble for selling goods during the Sunday sermon, but got off for claiming ignorance of the law.
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Jacob Cohen - Jacob Cohen helped the formation of the first Jewish Cemetary by Chatham Square.
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Aarom Sinsheimer - The Sons of the Covenant (Bnai Brith) was created at Sinsheimers Essex Street Barroom and Cafe owned by Aarom Sinsheimer. Bnai Brith was run by Henry James and his 11 Jewish friends to maintain orphanages and widow/old age homes.
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Samuel Lord - The basement of 47 Catherine Street was the first location of Samuel Lord's store in 1826, it became Lord and Taylor right before they moved to Grand Street. The second location of Lord & Taylor was at Grand Street and Chrystie Street in 1853, that was one of the first buildings to turn their facades into arcades (Architect Frederick Diaper skyscraper thinking). It ended up holding most of Lord & Taylors carpets and oil-cloths. Grand Street and Broadway was the third location of Lord and Taylor (which closed in 1903), it became Lord & Taylors headquarters of their wholesale trade. The next store (1906) was at 115 5th Avenue, A later location opened on Great Jones and Lafayette Streets. The Broadway & 20th Street store opened around 1870, Lord & Taylor's last move was in 1914 to 424 5th Avenue between 38th and 39th streets.
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Rowland Hussey Macy - Rowland Hussey Macy was the founder of the department store chain R.H. Macy and Company, who's NYC start in 1858, was at Sixth Avenue and 14th Street.
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John Wanamaker - John Wanamaker opened his 1st NYC store in New York City in 1896.
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Frank Winfield Woolworth - Frank Winfield Woolworth's chain store rival to his 5 and 10, was Sebastian S. Kresge.
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Marshall Field - One of Marshall Field's mottos was, Give the lady what she wants. Marshall Field and Company was created in 1881.
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Jonas Michaelius - Jonas Michaelius was NYC's first minister.
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Jean Mousnier de la Montagne - Jean Mousnier de la Montagne (known as Johannes la Montagne) arrived in the spring of 1637, one of his daughters married Jacob Kip (Kips Bay). He was NYC's first real physician and a retail merchant, he was also one of the founders of Harlem. He took charge of the DeForest tobacco plantation in the North side of what was to become Central Park (but was chased away by the Indians).
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Henry Goldfoggle - Henry Goldfoggle was the first Jewish NY congressman, who was elected in 1900.
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Hendricksen Varravanger - Hendricksen Varravanger established the first NYC medical office for sick soldiers and the companies negros in 1658, but was not a real physician.
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Samuel Staats - Samuel Staats was a great doctor, but not until the 17th Century.
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Lord Cornbury -Governor, Lord Cornbury gave the entire Duke's Farm  to the English Church (Trinity) in 1705.
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Annetje Jans - On the West side of Broadway, the Duke's Farm (formerly the Company's Farm that went from Fulton to Warren) went to Charlton Street, and may have even gone as far as Christopher Street, after heirs of Annetje Jans sold the land in 1670.
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Dirck Van Clift - The first ferryman was Dirck Van Clift, who would row passengers across the East River to Brooklyn for 5 cents.
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Isaiah Rogers - The site of the old Company farmhouse ( west of Broadway between Vesey and Barclay Streets) was the location of the 1836 Astor House Hotel, (demolished in 1926). The Astor House Hotel was designed by Isaiah Rogers, America's foremost hotel architect. Isaiah Rogers was also the architect the Tremont House in Boston, the first hotel with indoor plumbing. This site was just north of St Paul's Church, right across Broadway (west side) from P.T. Barnum's American Museum which was on the southeast corner of Ann Street. 
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 John Ericsson -  John Ericsson statue in Battery Park. In Battery Park a statue of a Swedish inventor who hated the US Navy. This inventor named John Ericson is holding a model of USS Monitor in his hand. Even though John hated the US Navy, Cornelius Scranton Bushnell convinced him to built an iron-clad armored battle ship called the Monitor. In approximately 100 days he built this warship from plans to launch.
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Abraham De Peyster -Abraham De Peyster's statue was first in Bowling Green, then Hanover Square, next stop City Hall Park.
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Chaplain John Sharpe -  The Chaplain John Sharpe gave his 238 book collection to NYC in 1711, it was called the Sharpe Library. The library was housed at the Stadt Huys until the new City Hall on Wall street opened. In 1729, the library in City Hall was called the Corporation Library, and John Sharpe was the Librarian. Chaplain John Sharpe, the Librarian of the Corporation Library allowed customers to keep a book 1 year. Many people came in from other colonies, and only came to NYC once in a while. They had to leave a large deposit to borrow books, but anyone could read them at the Library. In 1754, the name Corporation Library was changed to City Library, and in 1772 changed to the New York Society Library. 
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Bishop Charles Inglis  - The Trinity Parish Library was founded in 1698, by the Bishop of London. 600 to 2000 books (many from Trinity) were found in St Pauls Church in 1802, many were saved from the Trinity fire (1776) by Bishop Charles Inglis who moved them from his 
Inglis said of Thomas Paine's Common Sense -It was one of the most virulent, artful, and pernicious Pamphlets I ever met with, and perhaps the Wit of man could not devise one better calculated to do Mischief
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William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham - William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham was an Englishman who supported the colonists of New York, and was well liked by the American patriots. His statue was beheaded by the British (who also amputated the statues right arm) during St. Andrews Day celebration (November 30, 1777). 1708-1788

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Captain Manning - British commander, Captain Manning let the Dutch retake NYC in July or August of 1673. When the Dutch retook NYC without firing a shot, Captain Manning was not harmed.  When the British retook NYC, he had his day in court, and became the first British sorehead.  Captain Manning was court martialed for treachery and cowardice, his sentence was to have his sword broken over his head. Captain Manning was court martialed but never executed for treason.
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Scipio Africanus - Scipio Africanus died on December 21, 1720. Born in 1702, he was the servant of Charles William Howard.
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Caesar (Vaarck's) - Caesar was executed in the 1741 New York Conspiracy, which thought slaves were plotting to pillage and burn down NYC, and to murder their white owners. Hung on May 11, 1741. Slave of baker John Vaarck, his other slave friends in his gang were Prince and Cuffee. In 1736, the Geneva Gang broke into the basement of Baker's Tavern to steal barrels of Holland gin with the Geneva brand name. Prince and Caesar got caught, labeled professional thieves and were whipped.

Cuffee - Cuffee was executed in the 1741 New York Conspiracy, where many slaves were hung or burned at the stake.

Prince - Prince was executed in the 1741 New York Conspiracy, where mass hysteria took over NYC.

Quack - Quack was not a known part of the Geneva Crowd, but was executed the same time as Cuffee.


Gerardus Comfort - Gerardus Comfort was a Cooper. Comfort's Dock was by Hughson's tavern. Comfort's Tea Water came from a spring off Greenwich between Thames and Cedar streets. Comfort lived just south right across from Hughson's Tavern on lower Stone street which ran just above Trinity Church from Broadway down to the Hudson River. The Hudson formed a dead end which few people went down, most people stopped at Comfort's well at Greenwich (between Thames and Cedar streets).

Hughson's Tavern was fronted by the Hudson River (which would be just west of Washington Street), just north of Trinity Church, between Cedar and Thames streets, just north of Comforts dock (see 1729 Lynn Map).  Gerardus Comfort was a Cooper. Comfort's Tea Water came from a spring off Greenwich between Thames and Cedar streets. 


Thomas Adams - Thomas Adams made several products from the chicle from Mexican sapodilla trees like toys, bicycle tires, masks, and rain boots . But the most successful product came after Thomas Adams struck out with his synthetic rubber products idea. In 1869 he discovered he liked the taste of chicle when chewed. Adams New York Gum was born in 1871, priced at 1 cent.  The pure chicle gum was his first chewing gum product (1871), it was called Adams New York No. 1.  This early gum called Adams New York No. 1, had a picture of NYC City Hall on its box. Thomas Adams in 1888, had his gum in the NYC subway machines on the elevated lines. One of my earliest memories of NYC subways was the gum machines.  Black Jack gum, was created by Adams company, but was not the first sold in machines. Greeks chewed mastiche (resin of the mastic tree), Mayans chewed chicle (sapodilla tree sap), American Indians chewed Spruce tree sap. Gum from the White Mountain were made of paraffin wax, State of Maine Pure Spruce Gum was the first gum sold by John B. Curti in 1848. In 1907, the round candy coated gums and gumball machines were introduced.


Frank Henry Fleer - Blibber-Blubber was the first bubble gum sold, it was created by Frank Henry Fleer in 1906. Henry Fleer worked with William Wrigley, Jr. to create a fruity minty gum called Doublemint in 1914.
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Walter Diemer - Walter Diemer, created Double Bubble in 1928, perfecting the bubble gum made by the founder of the company where he worked, the Frank H. Fleer Company.
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Franklin V. Canning  - New York druggist Franklin V. Canning invented Dentyne in 1899.
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John Taylor Johnston - New York's first marble mansion (1856) was at 8 Fifth Avenue, it was built by John Taylor Johnston. Built in 1856 for John Taylor Johnston, president of the Central Railroad of New Jersey. John Taylor Johnston was also the founding president of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. NYC's first marble mansion was made of white Vermont marble. James Thurber lived in NYC's first marble mansion between 1935-36.
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Jacob Steendam - Jacob Steendam was a clerk for the Dutch West India Company, who was writing poetry in 1659, which made him  the first poet in NYC.
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William Cullen Bryant - William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) was the Republican run New York Evening Post's editor for over 50 years, he gave up poetry to lead the people towards abolition and celebrating John Brown as a martyr.
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Ralph Waldo Emerson - Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)  was a poet philosopher that fought for social reforms like abolition, temperance, and woman suffrage.
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Nathaniel Hawthorne - Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864), was a poet writer from Salem, Mass. who found eternal fame with The Scarlet Letter.
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Washington Irving- Will the real Diedrich Knickerbocker please stand up?  In 1809, Washington Irving's (1783-1859) , A History of New York made fun of the old original Dutch settlers.
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Jan Gillisen - Jan Gillisen was the Bell-ringer for the Stadt Huys in Dutch NYC, in those 1690's, Jan was also the court messenger, the village grave digger and sometimes was a schoolmaster.
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Benjamin Moore - Benjamin Moore was an assistant minister of Trinity Church and became the British Army chaplain throughout the Revolutionary War, in 1800 he became Rector of Trinity. 
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Saul Brown - Years after NYC's 1st Rosh Hashanah in 1654, NYC's first Rabbi Saul Brown lead the services at the Shearith Israel synagogue in 1695.
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Asser Levy van Swellem - Asser Levy van Swellem was present at the first NYC Rosh Hashanah services in 1654. Judicq de Mereda and Rycke Nounes were two single women who also attended NYC's first Rosh Hashanah service. Moses Ambrosius came to NYC's 1st Rosh Hashanah with Abraham Israel de Piza (or Dias), David Israel Faro, Assar Leeven Asser Levy,  Judiq de Merceda (Judith Mercado) and Ricke Nunes.
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Jacob Barsimson - Jacob Barsimson was the first Jewish settler in NYC, he would not have missed NYC's 1st Rosh Hashanah. Abraham Israel de Piza was also present. Jacob Barsimson and Solomon Pietersen were both shareholders in the Dutch West India Company.

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Gouverneur Morris - Gouverneur Morris created the Erie Canal's grander plan that linked Lake Erie to the Hudson River.
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Senator De Witt Clinton - In March, 1810, after the Erie Canal plan was dropped for a year, the soon to be Gouverneur De Witt Clinton worked on it for 7 years making it a legislative act.
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Joshua Forman - Joshua Forman brought the Erie Canal project before the Assembly in 1808.
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James Geddes - James Geddes was the surveyor on the Erie Canal project that stretched 363 miles, and was 40 feet wide at the surface and 18 feet wide at the bottom.
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General Philip Schuyler - General Philip Schuyler was the president of the Western Inland Lock Navigation Company, who in 1792 first started the project between the Seneca Lake and Lake Ontario.
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Captain Peter Warren - Captain Peter Warren was a British naval officer from Ireland that married Susannah Delancey the sister of chief justice and lieutenant governor of New York.
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James Jauncey -one of the wealthiest Loyalist merchants, and was pals with James De Lancey, he and his two sons were captured by Washington's men and kept by New Rochelle.
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Oliver De Lancey - Oliver De Lancey was the senior loyalist officer of the British army, whose land was forfeited to the State after the American revolution. William Bayard must have lost his land as well.
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William Bayard must have lost his land as well. Hoboken's founding family will forever be linked with local history, but residents might not know the story of how the noted Stevens family came to buy the land that is modern-day Hoboken. 
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In 1711, the title to most of what is today's Hoboken was acquired by Samuel Bayard, a successful New York merchant, who built a home on Castle Point for his summer residence. Through an inheritance, the property was passed down to his grandson William Bayard, who owned the land in the days leading up to the Revolutionary War. 
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William Bayard was a complicated figure who originally supported the revolutionary cause and even joined the Sons of Liberty. But in 1776, when he thought the colonies were going to lose the war, he defected and became a Loyalist Tory. He was even appointed to be a colonel in the English Army. 
In 1780, according to the New York Gazette, his farm and barn were burned to the ground. Shortly afterwards, his land was confiscated by the Revolutionary government of New Jersey. 
When the mile-square Bayard property in New Jersey was auctioned off publicly in 1784, Stevens III bought it. he was the treasurer of New Jersey-John Stevens, III

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John Stevens, III - When the mile-square Bayard property in New Jersey was auctioned off publicly in 1784, Stevens III bought it. he was the treasurer of New Jersey
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General James Wolfe - General Wolfe's Obelisk, 1754. General James Wolfe was an English general who died at the Battle of Montreal during the French and Indian War. Wolfe's remains were taken to England, where a monument to his memory sits in Westminster Abbey. A granite obelisk was created in the city of Quebec, and one in NYC (1754) which disappeared at the end of the Revolutionary war (may have been taken or hidden for safekeeping by the British). The obelisk was around 15th street west of 8th Avenue, at the end of the Monument road (later Greenwich Ave). Greenwich Lane in 1768 had two sections, one section was known as Monument Lane (or Obelisk Lane),  the other section was called Art Street (now Astor Place). The two sections meet just west of the arch where Minetta Waters split Washington Square Park. 

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Gerritsen - Gerritsen Wagon Way was the name of the old Astor Place in 1639. it became Art street in 1768.  Art St. was closed between Sixth Avenue and Broadway in 1825, because it interrupted the symmetry of Washington Square Park.  It was named Astor Place in 1840, after John Jacob Astor, who had acquired the land in 1803.

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Jacob Sperry - Swiss physician Jacob Sperry created the first botanical garden in NYC at Lafayette and Astor Place. Sperry's Gardens lasted until 1804, when Sperry sold the land to John Jacob Astor. Sperry's Gardens was the original name of the gardens that occupied the area where the third and most famous Vauxhill gardens were located (just south of Astor plaza) after 1803.
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 John Jones - For 20 years this 1750's pleasure resort called Ranelagh Gardens was leased by John Jones, who used Colonel Rutgers 1730 mansion and garden near the west side of Broadway and Thomas Street (between Duane and Worth streets). More accessibile and classier than the original Vauxhill Gardens, which folded due to the elegant Ranelagh Gardens.
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The first NY Hospital was built on its old site.
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Brannan- Owner of Brannan's Gardens. In 1765, by Hudson and Spring Streets, Brannan's Gardens openned. In the early 1700s, About the year 1765 Brannan's Gardens were established over on the north side of the Meadows, near the present crossing of Hudson and Spring streets. This daytime outlying resort was close to the river side Greenwich Road, and part of a romantic tradition of going on excursions over the kissing bridge on trips to the country.
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Barberrie - Barberries Garden was on Crown Street (Liberty). 
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Byram - In the late 1790's Byram's Garden (which became Corri's and Mount Vernon Gardens) was at Leonard and Broadway. This resort was situated on an old hilltop.
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Delacroix - Delacroix was the owner of the second Vauxhill Gardens which opened in 1798 on Bayard's Mound (Centre, Broome, Mott and Grand Streets).
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Lorenzo Da Ponte  - Lorenzo Da Ponte was the librettist of three Mozart operas, &#8220;The Marriage of Figaro,&#8221; &#8220;Don Giovanni&#8221; and &#8220;Cosi fan Tutte. The National Theatre at the NW corner of Leonard and Church was called the Italian Opera House in 1833. The Italian Opera House was the first Italian Opera House in America. Lorenzo Da Ponte helped open this House of Opera.
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William Pitt, Earl of Chatham - Citizens decided to create a marble William Pitt statue in 1766 (which was erected in early September, 1770 in the center of William and Wall Street) for his defense of the American colonies and for his stance on the repeal of the Stamp act. William Pitt's statue was torn down by the British. The statue of William Pitt (in a Roman toga and holding the Magna Carta) was decapitated (and one arm was cut off) and dragged through the mud. It was totally removed in 1788, when Wall Street was paved. Chatham street (which was renamed Park Row in 1886) and Chatham Square was named after William Pitt (the Earl of Chatham). The statue was created by the same London sculptor (Joseph Wilton) who made the equestrian statue of George III that was in Bowling Green.
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John Delmonico - Delmonicos, One of Americas oldest restaurants opened in 1827, it was the first fine-dining establishment.
In 1823, John Delmonico opened a small bake shop, and was the chef and waiter. Delmonicos first bake shop was on east side of William Street, just a few doors south of Fulton Street. The west side of William Street, just south of Exchange Place was the location of Delmonicos first restaurant, which opened in 1876 or 1832, at 23 William Street. That 23 William street location was destroyed in the fire of 1835. The southeast side of South William and Beaver Streets was Delmonicos third location (which stayed family run until 1917, it reopened in 1934 until the 1970's). This 4 story building had four columns that were excavated from Pompeii, this building was replaced by a 8 story cast iron and steel framed building in 1891. Chambers and Broadway was a later location for Delmonicos, when they expanded up town, opening more restaurants like the one on 14th and 5th Ave. 26th and Broadway was a later Delmonicos restaurant location, the final location (the furthest uptown) was at 44th and Fifth Ave.   Locations included Beekman and Pearl Street and at Beekman & Nassau.  John's brother Peter, was a pastry chef, they were both Swiss born.  Ben Wenberg was a sea captain who wandered into Delmonico in 1876, and created a dish using lobster, cream, rum and cayenne peppers. Delmonico swapped letters on his name as a slap in the face when they parted ways, and the name stuck as Lobster Newburg. The pastries at Delmonico's were as famous as their massive sandwiches.
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Philip Embury (1728-1773) - Philip Embury was an Irish Methodist who came to NYC in 1760, with his cousin/wife Barbara Ruckle Heck. In October 1766, he started preaching from his Barrack street home about John Wesley's transforming religious experience. Philip and Barbara first started renting larger space on Barrack Street (Tryon Row), then in 1767 in a  2,400 square foot loft at 120 William Street, that was called The Old Rigging Loft. The Methodist's own building (Wesley Chapel) was dedicated at 44 John Street (between Nassau and William Streets) on October 30, 1768.  Wesley Chapel was a barn with a blue stucco roof.  In 1817, the John Street Church was torn down to rebuild a larger Church, dedicated in 1818. A smaller John Street Methodist Church was erected in 1841, after John street was widened in 1836. The tobacco merchant Benjamin Aymar's had two slaves that married Peter (John Street Methodist Church's 1st sexton, and an expert cigar maker) and Molly Williams. The slaves got their freedom after taking care of the John Street Methodist Church for many years. A free Peter Williams made a fortune when he went into the tobacco business and used his money and time to form a Negro Methodist Church in 1796. On July 30, 1800, Peter Williams laid the cornerstone for the African Methodist Episcopal Church, at the SW corner of Leonard and Church streets (Zion was added to its name after 1820). The Zion African Methodist Episcopal Church was rebuilt in 1820, but burnt down in 1839. Rebuilt in 1840, the African Methodist Episcopal Church moved in 1864, to Bleecker street, on the corner of Tenth Street.
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Benjamin Aymar - The tobacco merchant Benjamin Aymar's had two slaves that married, Peter (John Street Methodist Church's 1st sexton, and an expert cigar maker) and Molly Williams (the first woman firefighter). The two slaves got their freedom after taking care of the chapel for many years. A free Peter Williams made a fortune when he went into the tobacco business and used his money and time to form a Negro Methodist Church in 1796. For the first meetings of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, they rented a house on Cross street (now Mosco) between Mulberry and Orange (now Baxter) streets. That section of Cross street is now part of Columbus Park.  Besides Peter Williams and Molly, the founders included James Varick; Abraham Thompson, June Scott, Francis Jacobs, William Brown, William Miller and William Hamilton. On July 30, 1800, Peter Williams laid the cornerstone for the Zion African Methodist Episcopal Church, at the southwest corner of Leonard and Church streets.  By 1807, NYC would not let the African Methodist Episcopal Church bury their dead in the church grounds, so they used the Potter's Field located in the Parade Grounds in Washington Square Park, and then Seneca Village between 85th and 86th Streets (until 1852). In 1813, the second African Methodist Episcopal church was built as Asbury Church, on Elizabeth Street near Pump (Canal) Street. In 1820 the word Zion was added to the Churches names. In 1823, the Asbury Church on Elizabeth Street burnt.
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William Hamilton edited The Anglo-African, the first newspaper established in the A. M. E. Zion Church.
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John Scudder - Dr. John Scudder was once a traveling organ-grinder who collected oddities from the road. The first NYC museum was the Tammany Museum (featuring a live lion, Indian artifacts, art prints, and farming equipment). The Tammany Museum opened in 1810, around 37 or 39 Park Row (the old 21 Chatham Street), it quickly became the Chatham Museum also called Scudder's Museum, also in 1810 (run by Scudder's son?). It featured stuffed animals, a live anaconda and an alligator. The next version of Scudder's Museum opened on the North side of City Hall Park off Chambers street, in 1816 or 1817. Located in the New York Institution building (the old Almshouse), before it moved to a 5 story building at the SE corner of Broadway & Ann Streets in 1824. 
The American Museum was the first marble fronted structure built since the third (and present) City Hall.  For $12,000, P.T. Barnum became the proprietor  of the American Museum after signing a 10 year lease with the owner of the museum building, Mr. Francis W. Olmsted on Dec. 27, 1841, and agreeing to buy the entire failing collection from Scudder's daughters in 1840. Barnum's American Museum opened in 1842 (with John Scudder as a partner?) on the corner of Ann Street and Broadway (before the 315 foot, St. Paul Building).  Barnum's American Museum burnt down in July 13, 1865 (during the NY Draft Riots), due to a fire in the engine room that created steam for the aquarium.  Famous politicians Elijah Purdy, Robert Morris, Lorenzo Sheppard, Rococo Levi were warhorses that often met at Sandy Welsh's place in the basement of the American Museum.

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Francis W. Olmsted - Mr. Francis W. Olmsted on Dec. 27, 1841, and agreeing to buy the entire failing collection from Scudder's daughters in 1840. 
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Sandy Welsh - Sandy Welsh's place in the basement of the American Museum.

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Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827) - Peale's 1784 or 1786 or 1788 Museum was a hybrid between a zoo and an art, history, and natural history museum. It featured Peale's portraits of Revolutionary War heroes (including his famous portraits of George Washington and Benjamin Franklin), Native American artifacts, as well as fossils, animal, mineral and natural history specimens that highlighted American nature. The highlight was the giant 11 feet high and 17 feet long Mammoth skeleton. A a live grizzly bear escaped from his museum and had to be shot. P.T Barnum bought his Philadelphia Museum in 1849 and collection in 1854 and divided it with Moses Kimball.
Peale's Museum was founded in Philadelphia in 1786, but the NYC museum (on Broadway opposite City Hall Park and the Park Theatre) called  Peale's Museum and Portrait Gallery or the New York Museum (opened by Ruben the son of Charles Willson Peale) opened in 1825, it went out of business before 1843.  Hard Times Tokens were sold for $10 by the  NYC Peale's Museum in 1825 to admit the bearer for annual family attendance subscriptions. P.T. Barnum bought all the exhibits of the Peale's Museum on Jan. 2, 1843 for $7,000.
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Edward Delafield (May 17, 1794 - Feb. 13 1875) - Born May 7, 1794, one of 14 kids (7 boys, 7 girls) , Edward graduated Yale in 1812.  The War of 1812 interrupted his studies and while the British blockaded NY harbor in 1814, Edward joined The Iron Grays. Delafield and  John Kearney Rodgers went to London in 1817 and  visited what was to become the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital (then called London infirmary for curing diseases of the eye). Overall, in their first year of operation the Black Ball Line averaged 43 days westbound (to Liverpool England) and 25 days eastbound (to South Street, NYC).
On August 14, 1820, two small rooms on the second floor of 45 or 65 Chatham Street (45 is now 83 Park Row, 65 Chatham was opposite Chambers Street), a house located diagonally across from City Hall became the first Infirmary of Edward Delafield, M.D., and John Kearney Rodgers, M.D.. They paid for this first office out of their own pockets. Their first hours were 12:00 to 1:00PM on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. They did the first congenital cataract operation in America. 
The second office for the two eye doctors at the New York Eye Infirmary opened on March 22, 1822, off Murray street by Broadway across from Columbia College. In 1822, the Infirmary was chartered by NY State, and it started to florish. The first employee was hired as both an apothecary and custodian of the medical instruments, he also applied the leeches.
139 Duane Street was the third location of the Infirmary after they leased a building from New York Hospital in 1824-1826. 
The Infirmary moved a few times from 1826-1840, and then rented a building off Broadway at 47 Howard Street, from 1840-1845.
The first permenant home of the New York Eye Infirmary was at a building they finally bought (instead of renting since 1820) at 97 Mercer Street, where they saw patients from 1845 - 1856.
On April 25, 1856, the Thirteenth Street and Second Avenue New York Eye Infirmary building was dedicated and opened. Edward Delafield himself gave the dedication address of this 4 story brownstone. 40-50 patients could now be treated and bedded on its top 3 floors, the ground floor was used for out patient department.
In 1864, it became known as the New York Eye & Ear Infirmary (the Doctors also treated ear problems almost from the beginning of their practice).
In 1873, the New York Eye & Ear Infirmary added a throat department, and in 1890, the School of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology was founded (even though they had been teaching and giving lectures since 1821).
Three floors were added in 1890, and its remodeling was handled by Stanford White. The New York Eye & Ear Infirmary's Schermerhorn pavilion is one of the few Stanford White structures in NYC that are left standing (others include both Washington Square Arch's - Wooden and then Stone (1889 & 1892); Century Club, and the University Club). The North building opened in 1968 on Fourteenth Street and Second Avenue, adjoining the 1856 building. Edward Delafield died of pneumonia on Feb. 13th, 1875 at the age of 81, after being sick for a year and a half.
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 John Kearney Rodgers (1793-1851)- John Kearney Rodgers  was the son of physician and obstetrics professor Dr. John RB Rodgers. Grads from NY Hospital, went to England for 2 years to train with Edward Delafield.  John Kearney Rodgers  became famous in 1846, when he tied the left subelavian artery between the scaleni muscles. On August 14, 1820, two small rooms on the second floor of 45 Chatham Street (now 83 Park Row), a house across from City Hall became the first Infirmary of Edward Delafield, M.D., and John Kearney Rodgers, M.D. Their first hours were 12:00 to 1:00PM on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. They did the first congenital cataract operation in America.
The 2nd office for the Infirmary opened across from Columbia College on March 22, 1822, off Murray street. by Broadway. The first employee was hired as both an apothecary and custodian of the medical instruments, he also applied the leeches.
139 Duane Street was the third location of the Infirmary after they leased a building from New York Hospital in 1824-1826. 
The Infirmary moved a few times from 1826-1840, and then rented a building off Broadway at 47 Howard Street, from 1840-1845.
The first permenant home of the New York Eye Infirmary was at a building they finally bought (instead of renting since 1820) at 97 Mercer Street, where they saw patients from 1845 - 1856.
On April 25, 1856, the Thirteenth Street and Second Avenue New York Eye Infirmary building was dedicated and opened. Edward Delafield himself gave the dedication address of this 4 story brownstone. 40-50 patients could now be treated and bedded on its top 3 floors, the ground floor was used for out patient department.
In 1864, it became known as the New York Eye & Ear Infirmary (the Doctors also treated ear problems almost from the beginning of their practice).
In 1873, the New York Eye & Ear Infirmary added a throat department, and in 1890, the School of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology was founded (even though they had been teaching and giving lectures since 1821).
Three floors were added in 1890, and its remodeling was handled by Stanford White. The New York Eye & Ear Infirmary's Schermerhorn pavilion is one of the few Stanford White structures in NYC that are left standing (others include both Washington Square Arch's - Wooden and then Stone (1889 & 1892); Century Club, and the University Club). The North building opened in 1968 on Fourteenth Street and Second Avenue, adjoining the 1856 building.
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Monroe Rosenfeld - Monroe Rosenfeld was a newspaper writer who coined Tin Pot Alley after the sound of many pianos being played in demo rooms at once which sounded to him like people were pounding on tin pans. Tin Pan Alley, was a city district where music composers and publishers worked, it was on 28th street between 5th Avenue (then 6th avenue) and Broadway. The Brill Building was the Tin Pan Alley of the 50's and 60's.There could have been a first alley that was off East 14th Street near 3rd Avenue called Tin Pot Alley as well.
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Asser Levy- Congregation Shearith Israel was at 18 South William street, which was then called Mill street.  John street was named after a shoemaker John Heperding, who in 1728 and 1729 rented out his home to the Jews of the Congregation Shearith Israel.  Shoe maker John Heperdin, also sold these early NYC Jews, the land at 18 South William street for their first real NYC synagogue.  The Congregation Shearith Israel (Spanish and Portuguese Jews) started with 23 Jews in 1654. Peter Stuyvesant granted the Jews a little hook of land situated outside of this city for a burial place in 1656. The hook and Asser Levy's grave were never found.
Congregation Shearith Israel purchased a location after 1683, that was just South of Chatham Square at 55 St. James Place, it is the 1st known Jewish cemetery, but not the first. The Jewish cemetery at 76 W. 11th Street just east of 6th Avenue, was active from 1805 to 1829. The Jewish cemetery at 21st Street between 6th and 7th Avenues was active from 1829 to 1851. 

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Irving Bacheller - President of the Lantern Club (club of writers and journalists), whose first clubhouse was on the top of Monkey Hill, over an old William street ironmonger's shop. The 1893 clubhouse moved to Captain Kidd's old home at 126 William street (56 Wall Street, or 119-121 Pearl) after William Randolph Hearst bought up Monkey Hill sometime before 1898. Monkey Hill was on William street by Printing House Square on Park Row, which was once called Newspaper Row. That area is now under, and just north of the Brooklyn Bridge.
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William Brown - owner of the Pewter Mug a tavern also called Wigwam that started on Frankfort street, and then moved to 162 Nassau Street off Printing House Square. Hanover Square was the old Printing House Square. The Pewter Mug was a meeting place for Democrats.

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Burger Jorrison&#8217;s - Burgers Path ran to William street from the East River up Old Slip. It was named for Burger Jorrison who lived at the south side of Hanover Square off Stone street. The path went from his house to the waterfront on the East River. Hanover Square was named in honor of King George of Hanover. Hanover Square was the old Printing House Square. Helprin located the old Printing House Square at the junction of Dark Willow, Breasted, Tillinghast, and Pine Streets, to far south for the 2nd Printing House Square.
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Albert De Groot  (1813&#8211;1884)- Hudson Valley steamboat captain who commissioned a statue of Benjamin Franklin in Printing House Square as a gift to the City. German-born sculptor Ernst Plassman (1823-1877) created the bronze statue of Benjamin Franklin in 1872. It stands at Park Row and Spruce street.
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Walt Whitman - Walt Whitman was editor of the New York Aurora at 162 Nassau Street. From May-September, 1842, he was the  editor of The Evening Tattler at 27 Ann Street. In January and September, 1842. Whitman worked at The Evening Mirror (where some of his poems were published when Walt was 15 years old) at 4 Ann Street, in 1844 (Edgar Allen Poe worked there in 1845). Whitman wrote stories for John O&#8217;Sullivan's The Democratic Review at 136 Nassau street. The American Whig Review also on Nassau street published Whitman's 1845 story Richard Parker&#8217;s Widow. Whitman's editorials made him seem part of the Native American Party, made up of Nativists who were anti-Catholic. Walt Whitman wasn't anti Catholic, but believed in the Jeffersonian principle of the separation of church and state.
Walt Whitman hated to miss a night in Charlie Pfaff's basement cave.
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Horace Greeley - Started his New York Tribune in 1841 from 30 Ann Street.
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Park Benjamin - Editor and Publisher of The New World at 26 Ann Street, who gave Walt Whitman a job writing a temperance novel. The story appeared in the November 1842 edition of The New World, under A Tale of the Times. It was so bad Whitman used the name Franklin Evans to hide his authorship.
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Gennaro Lombardi - Gennaro Lombardi opened his pizza store at 53 1/2 Spring street, (now at 32 Spring Street), but pizza's back then were called tomato pies. Lomabardi's opened in 1905, and is considered Americas first pizzeria. Lombardi came from Naples with his recipe in 1897. His pizza maker Antonio Totonno Pero left Lombardi's in 1924 to open up his own pizza place in Coney Island, the yummy Totonno's.
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Antonio Totonno Pero- Gennaro Lombardi opened his pizza store at 53 1/2 Spring street, (now at 32 Spring Street), but pizza's back then were called tomato pies. Lomabardi's opened in 1905, and is considered Americas first pizzeria. Lombardi came from Naples with his recipe in 1897. His pizza maker Antonio Totonno Pero left Lombardi's in 1924 to open up his own pizza place in Coney Island, the yummy Totonno's.

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Richard Sackett owned the Cherry Gardens
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Isaac de Rasiere - The Arms of Amsterdam was the ship that brought Director Minuit's Secretary of the Province and Chief Commissary, Isaac de Rasiere.

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Adriaen Jorise Theinpont -Captain Adriaen Jorise Theinpont left Amsterdam, January 25th, 1623 to bring the first settlers to NYC where they started off at Noten Eylant aka Nutten Island (Governors Island). He sailed on the ship Unity (Endracht). On April 1625, the Horse (Paert) sailed with the Cow (Koe) and the Sheep (Schaer). and 45 more settlers which included 6 families traveled with 103 head of cattle, stallions, mares, steers and cows.

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Theyebdabegea -A Mohawk chief named Theyebdabegea, was called Joseph Brant by the white man. He sided with the British during the Revolutionary War. The Oneidas and Tuscaroras stuck by the Americans helping them at Valley Forge.
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Deganawidah- Deganawidah and Hiawatha united the 5 tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy in 1570. The Iroquois had 6 festivals every year. The women of the Iroquois tribes chose the chief. The name Iroquois translates to Rattlesnake. The Tuscarora, Mohawk, Oneida  Onondaga, Seneca and Cayuga tribes were part of the Iroquois Confederacy. 
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Hiawatha-Deganawidah and Hiawatha united the 5 tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy in 1570. The Iroquois had 6 festivals every year.The women of the Iroquois tribes chose the chief. The name Iroquois translates to Rattlesnake. The Tuscarora, Mohawk, Oneida  Onondaga, Seneca and Cayuga tribes were part of the Iroquois Confederacy.  

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Gerrit Jansen -NYC's first murder, Gerrit Jansen on May 15, 1638,  was stabbed at the gate of the fort south of Bowling Green. After this knife fight was over, Jan Gybertsen was NYC's first murderer.

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Jan Gybertsen - NYC's first murder, Gerrit Jansen on May 15, 1638,  was stabbed at the gate of the fort south of Bowling Green. After this knife fight was over, Jan Gybertsen was NYC's first murderer.

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Bowdoin Hendrick (Boudewijn Hendricksz) - Dutch General Bowdoin Hendrick (Boudewijn Hendricksz) occupied the governor's mansion La Fortaleza (Palacio de Santa Catalina), a 1533 fortress on San Juan, Puerto Rico in 1625.  Spanish resistance at El Morro stopped the Dutch West India Company from taking the island, but before leaving the Dutch torched and ransacked the city. La Fortaleza survived the Dutch fire, and a bell used in a tower for NYC's first mill, a horse mill for flour built and owned by Francois Molemacker in Lower Manhattan during 1626, was seized from San Juan by the Dutch before they left.

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Francois Molemacker - NYC's first mill, was a Lower Manhattan horse mill for flour. This horse mill was built and owned by Francois Molemacker in 1626, the bell in its tower was seized from San Juan, Puerto Rico by the Dutch before they left. Kryn Frederick, who also that year staked out the downtown fort, was the engineer on this 1626 horse mill structure that was located on the north side of Mill street Lane (now South William street) by the NW corner of Broad street.

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Alonso de Ojeda -  A compatriot of Columbus, Alonso de Ojeda, claimed Aruba for Spain in 1499, the Dutch did not seize Aruba until 1636. In 1824, gold was discovered, other Aruba industries included the production of aloe.
Bonaire was claimed for the Spanish by Amerigo Vespucci and Alonso de Ojeda in 1499. accompanied Columbus in his second voyage to the New World. he kidnapped several hundred bahamas Indians and sold them as slaves in Cadiz
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Losing St. Martin to the Spanish caused the Dutch to retaliate by taking Bonaire in 1633, as well as Cura&#231;ao and Aruba as consolation prizes.  Bonaire after it was depopulated (natives turned to slaves and shipped to Hispaniola)  by 1526, was made into a slave run plantation of the Dutch West India Company. Before the Dutch took Bonaire it was a prison colony run by the Spanish for South American convicts.
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Cura&#231;ao emerged as a center of the slave trade, and was the most valuable of the 3 islands (due to its deep water harbor) the Dutch seized in 1633. In 1638, Peter Stuyvesant became the governor of Curacao.
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Amerigo Vespucci - Used a latinized version of his name Americus Vespucius. The publication and widespread circulation of letters about Vespucci, that informed the European public of the New World.
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Martin Waldseem&#252;ller -  named the new continent America on his world map of 1507 after the publication and widespread circulation of letters about Vespucci, that informed the European public of the New World.
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Provost Marshal William Cunningham - The New Gaol (New Jail) opened on the NE side of City Hall Park in 1759, this three story structure was NYC's first real jail. Provost Marshal Cunningham's office was in the New Gaol, so it got nicknamed Provost prison.  American army officers and the top local well known patriots found their way to be held prisoners in the Provost. Many Americans starved (Cunningham confessed on his deathbed to starving 2,000 American to death), others were poisoned or executed (275 people approximately).O'Keefe was Cunningham's jailor and sergeant. After the Revolutionary War it went back to being a debtor's prison. In 1830 remodeling started and to make it fireproof the third floor was cut off, and a copper roof was added. Mrs Day's Murray Street (or  Day's Tavern could have been at 128th Street and Saint Nicholas Avenue.)  boardinghouse/tavern whose flag was attacked by Major Cunningham himself around 9 AM on Evacuation day (November 25, 1783).
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O'Keefe -O'Keefe was Cunningham's jailor at the Provost prison and served as his sergeant
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Jan de Wit  - In 1663-1664, Jan de Wit (not the author of the computer worm) and Denys Hartogveldt built a windmill to grind wheat, just south of where City Hall now sits, it was the first structure in City Hall Park (called the Commons at the time). Another windmill was built on the Commons between 1692-1695.  Common festivals in the Commons were African Pentecostal revivals,  bonfires celebrating the English Guy Fawkes Day, and public executions.
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John Sebring - John Sebring ran the 1st almshouse in the commons which opened in May of 1736.  The almshouse was 2 stories and a basement that were 65 feet long and 24 feet wide. Mayor Paul Richards appointed John Sebring Keeper of the House of Correction, Master of the Workhouse and Master of the Poorhouse. The six bed infirmary ward that took up the second-floor room on the west side became Bellevue Hospital (the oldest hospital in America). The west room in the basement had shackles, and a whipping post and was used to incarcerate disorderly persons, parents of Bastard Children, Beggars, Servants running away or otherwise misbehaving themselves, Trespassers, Rogues, Vagabonds, [and] poor persons refusing to work. Moderate Whipping was seen as a correction for these social problems. Poor was synonymous with being wayward.

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Edward Breuwen -In 1736, Edward Breuwen was the Public Whipper, he died in 1751.
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Richard Ingoldsby -Richard Ingoldsby replaced the Governor who died drunk after 6 months on the job, until the new Royal governor came to the colony.
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Henry Sloughter - Royal governor Henry Sloughter died in 1691, after a drunken spree after 6 months on the job.
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Nathaniel Pitcher - Nathaniel Pitcher was an one year pitch hitter after Governor Dewitt Clinton died in office in 1828, sober I believe.
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Colen Donck - Colen Donck was the name of a less successful patroonship estate that was North of Manhattan in the Bronx and South Westchester.  By January 1630, only five patroonships were registered and only one was really successful. Other patroons were Frederick Philipse in Sleepy Hollow, and Stephanus Van Cortlandt from Northern Westchester County by Croton-on-Hudson, another patroon was Jochem Kuyter.
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Cornelis Melyn - Cornelis Melyn had a patroonship on Staten Island. Patroons had to establish settlements of at least 50 persons within four years.
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Adriaen van der Donck- Adriaen van der Donck was called Jonkheer (young gentleman or squire) because his estate was so large, it became known as Yonkers.
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Kiliaen Van Rensselaer - Kiliaen Van Rensselaer was a Dutch diamond merchant who was a Dutch West Indian member who settled both sides of the Hudson by Albany (which he called Rensselaerswyck).
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Isaac Jogues - When Isaac Jogues escaped from being a 13 month slave to the Mohawks, he became the first Catholic priest who ever came to Manhattan Island. The Mohawks called him a sorcerer, and killed him. This martyr's feast day is October 19. Isaac Jogues was a French missionary who was decapitated by the Mohawks in 1646, he was canonized by Pope Pius XI on June 29, 1930.
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Jean de Brebeuf- Jean de Brebeuf was a Jesuit missionary who was killed by Iroquois Indians using a red-hot iron which was thrust down his throat. The Indians even ate his heart, and his head was kept and is on display at Hotel-Dieu in Quebec.
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Pierre-Joseph Chaumonot- Pierre-Joseph Chaumonot was a Jesuit missionary who worked the missions of Lake Huron until Jean de Brebeuf was murdered. Pierre-Joseph Chaumonot helped organize a mission among the Onondaga Indians which lasted only 2 years.
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Simon Le Moyne - Simon Le Moyne was a Jesuit missionary who was the first European to penetrate among the Onondaga Indians. He was tortured by the Cayuga Iroquois Indians, but saved by Indian chief Garakontie.
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Francesco Giuseppe Bressani- Francesco Giuseppe Bressani was an Indian missionary who was tortured by the Iroquois for 2 months before being ransomed by the Dutch.
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Claes Groen - In Dutch times, the sheep and goat pasture in lower NYC was off Broad Street just North of Exchange Place. The goats were dangerous because they could do much damage to the town, so they had to be kept within strict boundaries. The guardians for the sheep and goats were Claes Groen and Pieter Lieresen.
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Pieter Lieresen - In Dutch times, the sheep and goat pasture in lower NYC was off Broad Street just North of Exchange Place. The goats were dangerous because they could do much damage to the town, so they had to be kept within strict boundaries. The guardians for the sheep and goats were Claes Groen and Pieter Lieresen.
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Dirck Storm - Dirck Storm's tavern was on the north east corner of Broadway and Beaver. 

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Cornelis Dircksen - Cornelis Dircksen's farm was just North of the Water Gate at Pearl and Wall. A horn hung on his tree at Pearl and Dover, citizens hinked the horn to call the ferry. Cornelis Dircksen would take one person over the river, no minimum on passengers. 6 beads of wampum was the fare for a one way voyage per person, the director, councilors and other officials rode free. NYC ferryboat operator Cornelis Dircksen, canceled the ferry across the East River during big storms when the wind was very strong. When the sails on the windmill were brought inside, that was the signal to cancel the ferry. This was made into a law. Cornelis Dircksen would make the trip until big cakes of ice blocked the river. 

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David Duffore (also spelled Deffore, Devore, Devoor and De Voor the spelling of the name is changed in each successive deed on record.)- Devoor's Mill stream flowed through David Duffore's 60 acre farm (that Governor Andros granted him in 1677). The Bolting Act of 1678, made David Duffore's flour grist mill very successful. His house stood at the north side of 53rd street between 1st Avenue and the East River, right right to the Bell Brothers Lumber yard to his east (who expanded by tearing down this old landmark). George Youle's old shot tower from 1821, was also on the Bell Brothers Lumber yard property. 
The winding stream which passed by 54th street between 2nd and 3rd, was diverted to a sewer that ran into the East River at 49th street. The oldest farmhouse in NYC was used after David Duffore by members of the Brevoort, Arden, Odell and Leroy families, who called it the Spring Valley farm.
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Othmar Ammann - Othmar Ammann built the Hell Gate Bridge in 1916 and went on to build the Bayonne Bridge, Bronx-Whitestone Bridge, Throgs Neck Bridge and the Verrazano Narrows Bridge.

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Brain Babbitt - Gateway Plaza (the only building in Battery Park City not designed under the Master Plan) was the first building built at Battery Park City and it first 1,712 units. Gateway Plaza was finished and fully occupied in 1983. The opening day of the building the 1st tenant of these three 34&#8211;story buildings was Brain Babbitt, and he is still there with his cute wife Jackie.
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Abraham Oakey Hall - Republican Mayor Abraham Oakey Hall was part of Tweeds ring. Boss Tweed engineered Hall into office in 1868, to provide himself with a free hand to steal from NYC. Abraham Oakey Hall was NYC Mayor from 1869&1872.
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Richard Nicolls - Richard Nicolls was NYC's 1st mayor in 1664&#8211;1665 (as British Colonial Governor of New York).
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William Havemeyer - William Havemeyer was a Democratic Mayor (not to be confused with William F. Havemeyer-Republican) who was in office 1848&#8211;1849.
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William F. Havemeyer - William F. Havemeyer took over after the Mayor in question left office in 1872. William F. Havemeyer was the Republican NYC mayor from 1873&#8211;1874.

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Fernando Wood - Fernando Wood was NYC's Mayor twice from 1855&#8211;1858 and 1860&#8211;1862.
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Thomas F Byrnes - To protect the financial district, Fulton street in NYC was the dead line, over which any wanted criminal could be arrested on sight. Inspector Thomas F Byrnes created the dead line and kept tabs on every criminal he could add to his Rouges Gallery while he was Chief of Detectives for NYC.  Thomas F Byrnes was fired by Teddy Roosevelt.  He lived at 318 West Seventy-seventh Street, until May 7th 1910 when he died of stomach cancer. Many old police stories and yarns started with, in Tom Byrnes days.  Tom Byrnes from his office on Wall street established the dead line at Fulton street to keep the sneak thieves zones of operation away from the financial district. If any one of these known criminals would try, they were arrested immediately. Thomas F Byrnes kept a list, and kept track of every criminal who entered the city limits.  In return many rich people from the financial district who his Dead Line protected gave him information which made him a rich man. Tom started as a Patrolman at the Mercer Street Station in 1863, and became Captain on July 1, 1870. Criticized by many for his often use of stool pigeons, he rationalized that as part of the job cracking the underworld.

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John McComb Jr. - This 1811, fort (construction started in 1808) first called West Battery (or South West Battery), was on a small island about 200 feet off Battery Parks west side. It was supposedly constructed on top of an old Indian Village by architects John McComb Jr. and Jonathan Williams.

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 Jonathan Williams - This 1811, fort (construction started in 1808) first called West Battery (or South West Battery), was on a small island about 200 feet off Battery Parks west side. It was supposedly constructed on top of an old Indian fishing village, by architects John McComb Jr. and Jonathan Williams. Landfill has made this island a part of modern day NYC. 
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King George - A British tax on sugar, paper and legal documents (the Stamp Act) came after the French Wars. The French wars ended in 1763, and the British Parliament passed the Stamp Act in March 1765. The funds were to support the British soldiers protecting the American colonies.  
British colonial troops attacked French Canada in 1748 (British colonial forces captured the French stronghold of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia) in this third part of the four French and Indian Wars which was called King George's War.
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President Ronald Reagan - President Reagan hosted an U.S.-U.S.S.R. summit with Mikhail Gorbachev on Governors Island, in 1988. President Ronald Reagan also used Governors Island during the relighting of the newly refurbished Statue of Liberty.
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David Abercrombie - Abercrombie & Fitch was founded in 1892, it outfitted Ernest Hemingway and Teddy Roosevelt for safaris. 
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Ezra Fitch - Abercrombie & Fitch was founded in 1892, it outfitted Ernest Hemingway and Teddy Roosevelt for safaris.

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John Jacob Astor 1V - John Jacob Astor 1V died April 15th 1912, on the Titanic. A single first-class ticket was $4,700, 1,503 people total died on the Titanic, 705 people survived and 2 dogs. All 6 ice warnings received by Titanic were ignored by the wireless operator who was too preoccupied with transmitting passenger messages. The boat hit an blackberg, which is similar to the black ice found on cold icy roads, not white but clear with a mirror like surface which made it look black at 11:40 P.M. on Sunday, April 14, 1912. One of the last songs the band played (no members survived) was Songe d'Automne. The water was at 31 degrees, and Charles Joughin who was drinking heavy was the only one to survive the icy waters. 

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Daniel Buckley - Daniel Buckley, disguised himself as a woman to sneak aboard a Titanic lifeboat. 
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Frederic Kimber Seward- A corporation lawyer named Frederic Kimber Seward was playing cards with his church friend Dorothy Gibson in the Titanic's first class lounge, she helped him escape with her in lifeboat # 7.
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Dorothy Gibson -  A corporation lawyer named Frederic Kimber Seward was playing cards with his church friend Dorothy Gibson in the Titanic's first class lounge, she helped him escape with her in lifeboat # 7.
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Benjamin Guggenheim - Benjamin Guggenheim died April 15th 1912, on the Titanic. A single first-class ticket was $4,700, 1,503 people total died on the Titanic, 705 people survived and 2 dogs. All 6 ice warnings received by Titanic were ignored by the wireless operator who was too preoccupied with transmitting passenger messages. The boat hit an blackberg, which is similar to the black ice found on cold icy roads, not white but clear with a mirror like surface which made it look black at 11:40 P.M. on Sunday, April 14, 1912. One of the last songs the band played (no members survived) was Songe d'Automne. The water was at 31 degrees, and Charles Joughin who was drinking heavy was the only one to survive the icy waters. Daniel Buckley, disguised himself as a woman to sneak aboard a Titanic lifeboat. A corporation lawyer named Frederic Kimber Seward was playing cards with his church friend Dorothy Gibson in the Titanic's first class lounge, she helped him escape with her in lifeboat # 7.
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Charles Joughin - The water was at 31 degrees, and Charles Joughin who was drinking heavy was the only one to survive the icy waters after the Titanic sunk on April 15th 1912. A single first-class ticket was $4,700, 1,503 people total died on the Titanic, 705 people survived and 2 dogs. All 6 ice warnings received by Titanic were ignored by the wireless operator who was too preoccupied with transmitting passenger messages. The boat hit an blackberg, which is similar to the black ice found on cold icy roads, not white but clear with a mirror like surface which made it look black at 11:40 P.M. on Sunday, April 14, 1912. One of the last songs the band played (no members survived) was Songe d'Automne. Daniel Buckley, disguised himself as a woman to sneak aboard a Titanic lifeboat. A corporation lawyer named Frederic Kimber Seward was playing cards with his church friend Dorothy Gibson in the Titanic's first class lounge, she helped him escape with her in lifeboat # 7.
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Isidor Straus - Isidor Straus died April 15th 1912, on the Titanic. A single first-class ticket was $4,700, 1,503 people total died on the Titanic, 705 people survived and 2 dogs. All 6 ice warnings received by Titanic were ignored by the wireless operator who was too preoccupied with transmitting passenger messages. The boat hit an blackberg, which is similar to the black ice found on cold icy roads, not white but clear with a mirror like surface which made it look black at 11:40 P.M. on Sunday, April 14, 1912. One of the last songs the band played (no members survived) was Songe d'Automne. The water was at 31 degrees, and Charles Joughin who was drinking heavy was the only one to survive the icy waters. Daniel Buckley, disguised himself as a woman to sneak aboard a Titanic lifeboat. A corporation lawyer named Frederic Kimber Seward was playing cards with his church friend Dorothy Gibson in the Titanic's first class lounge, she helped him escape with her in lifeboat # 7.
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Ida Straus- Ida Straus died April 15th 1912, on the Titanic. A single first-class ticket was $4,700, 1,503 people total died on the Titanic, 705 people survived and 2 dogs. All 6 ice warnings received by Titanic were ignored by the wireless operator who was too preoccupied with transmitting passenger messages. The boat hit an blackberg, which is similar to the black ice found on cold icy roads, not white but clear with a mirror like surface which made it look black at 11:40 P.M. on Sunday, April 14, 1912. One of the last songs the band played (no members survived) was Songe d'Automne. The water was at 31 degrees, and Charles Joughin who was drinking heavy was the only one to survive the icy waters. Daniel Buckley, disguised himself as a woman to sneak aboard a Titanic lifeboat. A corporation lawyer named Frederic Kimber Seward was playing cards with his church friend Dorothy Gibson in the Titanic's first class lounge, she helped him escape with her in lifeboat # 7.
<p>
Daniel Buckley - Daniel Buckley, disguised himself as a woman to sneak aboard a Titanic lifeboat. A single first-class ticket was $4,700, 1,503 people total died on the Titanic, 705 people survived and 2 dogs. All 6 ice warnings received by Titanic were ignored by the wireless operator who was too preoccupied with transmitting passenger messages. The boat hit an blackberg, which is similar to the black ice found on cold icy roads, not white but clear with a mirror like surface which made it look black at 11:40 P.M. on Sunday, April 14, 1912. One of the last songs the band played (no members survived) was Songe d'Automne. The water was at 31 degrees, and Charles Joughin who was drinking heavy was the only one to survive the icy waters.  A corporation lawyer named Frederic Kimber Seward was playing cards with his church friend Dorothy Gibson in the Titanic's first class lounge, she helped him escape with her in lifeboat # 7.
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Frederic Kimber Seward -A corporation lawyer named Frederic Kimber Seward was playing cards with his church friend Dorothy Gibson in the Titanic's first class lounge, she helped him escape with her in lifeboat #7. A single first-class ticket was $4,700, 1,503 people total died on the Titanic, 705 people survived and 2 dogs. All 6 ice warnings received by Titanic were ignored by the wireless operator who was too preoccupied with transmitting passenger messages. The boat hit an blackberg, which is similar to the black ice found on cold icy roads, not white but clear with a mirror like surface which made it look black at 11:40 P.M. on Sunday, April 14, 1912. One of the last songs the band played (no members survived) was Songe d'Automne. The water was at 31 degrees, and Charles Joughin who was drinking heavy was the only one to survive the icy waters. Daniel Buckley, disguised himself as a woman to sneak aboard a Titanic lifeboat. 
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Maurice Levin -Maurice Levin and Jacob M. Kaplan bought and saved Hearn's Department store in 1932 after the Depression and younger stores crippled the old Hearn's business (since 1827). Maurice Levin made his fortune exporting molasses from Santo Domingo, and ran Hearn's without a salary. 
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Jacob M. Kaplan - Maurice Levin and Jacob M. Kaplan bought and saved Hearn's Department store in 1932 after the Depression and younger stores crippled the old Hearn's business (since 1827). Maurice Levin made his fortune exporting molasses from Santo Domingo, and ran Hearn's without a salary. 
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William Niblo - Niblo's opened in 1828, and held over 1750 people. The jovial Irishman William Niblo lived until the age of 89 years old. lived till he was 89. His first NYC coffee house, called the Bank Coffee House was an eatery at 43 Pine Street. Niblo's Garden was formerly called the Colombian Gardens, and also had a circus called The Stadium on the site at the NE corner of Broadway and Prince Street. 
The 1866 musical comedy, The Black Crook was a 5 1/2 hour play which featured a hundred dancing gypsies. It was created by William Wheatley and made Niblo's Garden the home of the first Broadway Musical.
Once a part of the Bayard farm, the Columbian Garden opened as the Sans Souci Theatre in 1823. 
Niblo's was built in 1828, and destroyed in a 1846 fire. Niblo's was rebuilt three years later and reopened in July 1849, and was demolished in 1895.
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Alfred Ochs - Alfred Ochs, a German, Jewish Immigrant was the man responsible for the first Times Square Party. Before New Years Eve became a Times Square tradition, in front of  Trinity Church at Broadway and Wall was the most popular gathering spot in NYC. The midnight chimes of Trinity Church was the old highlight of New Years Eve in NYC after the 1890&#8217;s, and before 1904, when the NY Times moved from 41 Park Row (where it was for 32 years) to one Times Square (9 years later the Times moved to 229 West 43rd Street, where it stayed for almost 95 years). 200,000 people came to the all-day party that marked Times Square first New Years Eve in 1904. The first New Year's ball was introduced in 1907, the third year of the Times Square tradition, that year fireworks were discontinued from the celebration. The first Times Square ball (1907) was made from wood and iron and weighed 700 pounds. The 1909 New Years was the first time a lighted ball was used.
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Founded on September 18, 1851, as the New York Daily Times (even though it didn't publish on Sunday until during the Civil War), it switched to the current title (The New York Times) in 1857. The New York Times was nicknamed the Grey Lady, and its motto still is All the News That's Fit to Print, which started in 1897 as a jab of the yellow journalism tactics of The New York World and New York Journal American. The Times articles about Tweed helped destroy the Tweed Ring. Until the 1880's the Times supported only Republican candidates, before they became a politically independent paper. In 1896, when circulation hit 9,000, the Times was bought by Alfred Ochs for $75,000 who moved it uptown to a bigger building at one Times Square. By 1897, circulation hit 26,000, when Alfred Ochs lowered the price to a penny circulation soared to 76,000 in 1898 (ad revenues started to soar).

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The Times old 41 Park Row building was built on the site of the old Brick Presbyterian Church.

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Pat Matthews - Leader of one of the factions of the Bowery Boys in 1857, he also was a saloonkeeper.

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General Sandford - The 5 point riot gave gang members the excuse to loot many stores on those two days of rioting, which was broken up by General Sandford's military at 9 PM.  A two day riot during the summer of 1857, greeted the newly established state run Metropolitan Police squad. The old Municipal Police  just sat back and watched.
On July 4, 1857, the 5 Points Riot started when two gang members from the Roach Guards/Dead Rabbits (an Irish Catholic gang from 5 points), assaulted two native born American policemen. The policeman sought refuge from their assaulters by ducking into the tavern of Pat Matthews, who was a leader of one of the factions of the Bowery Boys.
Soon the Bayard street area became crowded by almost 1,000 young gang members, some of them just kids. During the first day of the riot, the Roach Guards/Dead Rabbits attacked the Bowery Boy clubhouse at 40-42 Bowery. The next day of the riot the numbers got bigger, thousands of gang members from various 5 point gangs marched to the Bowery and met an equal number of gangsters from the Bowery gangs. The Roach Guards/Dead Rabbits looted the Green Dragon, smashing its furniture, tearing up its floorboards while drinking all their liquor. 
The 5 Point gangs met the Bowery Boys and the Atlantic Guards by the intersection of Bayard and Bowery, and the fighting began. Only several bodies were found, because many of the dead were buried in secret by their fellow gang members. Hundreds  were injured including many policemen who both sides of the gangs united against. 
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Mose Humphries - Mose Humphries was the leader of the Bowery Boys in the 1820's. Mose was a huge legend who feats were the talk of the town for decades. Mostly myth, Mose was the first celebrated criminal in NYC's history. His exploits were expanded into stories and plays.
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Jacob Riis - Jacob Riis was known for his 5 point photos.
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Herbert Asbury - Herbert Asbury wrote the 1927 book The Gangs of New York.

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Franchoys Fezard - Windmill maker Franchoys Fezard build the first windmill (sawmill) in 1624-1625 it was on Governor's Island. The original 1624 settlers lived on Noten Eylant (Governor's Island-1784).
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Captain Edmund Fanning - Captain Edmund Fanning sailed the 90 ton merchant brig Betsy out of Old Slip by Hanover Square in 1792 which carried the American flag around the world.
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William M Tweed - William M Tweed, Zophar Mills, Samuel Willets and William B Wood were firemen.
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Zophar Mills - William M Tweed, Zophar Mills, Samuel Willets and William B Wood were firemen.
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Samuel Willets - William M Tweed, Zophar Mills, Samuel Willets and William B Wood were firemen.
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William B Wood - William M Tweed, Zophar Mills, Samuel Willets and William B Wood were firemen.
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Walter Bowne - 7 former Mayors were volunteer firemen: Walter Bowne (1829&#8211;1833), Cornelius Van Wyck Lawrence (1834&#8211;1837), Stephen Allen (1821&#8211;1824), Isaac L Varian (1839&#8211;1841), Daniel F Tiemann (1858&#8211;1860), C Godfrey Gunther (1864&#8211;1866) and William H Wickman (1875&#8211;1876).
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Cornelius Van Wyck Lawrence - 7 former Mayors were volunteer firemen: Walter Bowne (1829&#8211;1833), Cornelius Van Wyck Lawrence (1834&#8211;1837), Stephen Allen (1821&#8211;1824), Isaac L Varian (1839&#8211;1841), Daniel F Tiemann (1858&#8211;1860), C Godfrey Gunther (1864&#8211;1866) and William H Wickman (1875&#8211;1876).
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Stephen Allen - 7 former Mayors were volunteer firemen: Walter Bowne (1829&#8211;1833), Cornelius Van Wyck Lawrence (1834&#8211;1837), Stephen Allen (1821&#8211;1824), Isaac L Varian (1839&#8211;1841), Daniel F Tiemann (1858&#8211;1860), C Godfrey Gunther (1864&1866) and William H Wickman (1875&1876).
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Isaac L Varian - 7 former Mayors were volunteer firemen: Walter Bowne (1829&1833), Cornelius Van Wyck Lawrence (1834&1837), Stephen Allen (1821&1824), Isaac L Varian (1839&1841), Daniel F Tiemann (1858&1860), C Godfrey Gunther (1864&1866) and William H Wickman (1875&1876).
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Elijah Purdy - Famous politicians Elijah Purdy, Robert Morris, Lorenzo Sheppard, Rococo Levi were warhorses that often met at Sandy Welsh's place in the basement of the American Museum.
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Robert Morris - Famous politicians Elijah Purdy, Robert Morris, Lorenzo Sheppard, Rococo Levi were warhorses that often met at Sandy Welsh's place in the basement of the American Museum.
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Lorenzo Sheppard - Famous politicians Elijah Purdy, Robert Morris, Lorenzo Sheppard, Rococo Levi were warhorses that often met at Sandy Welsh's place in the basement of the American Museum.
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Rococo Levi - Famous politicians Elijah Purdy, Robert Morris, Lorenzo Sheppard, Rococo Levi were warhorses that often met at Sandy Welsh's place in the basement of the American Museum.
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Thomas Willett - Thomas Willett (1665&1666 & 1667&1668), Nicholas Bayard (1685&1686), Abraham DePeyster (1692&#8211;1694), David Provost (1699&1700) were former NYC Mayors but I'm not sure if any of them were Volunteer firemen.
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Nicholas Bayard - Thomas Willett (1665&1666 & 1667&1668), Nicholas Bayard (1685&1686), Abraham DePeyster (1692&1694), David Provost (1699&1700) were former NYC Mayors but I'm not sure if any of them were Volunteer firemen.
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Abraham DePeyster - Thomas Willett (1665&#8211;1666 & 1667&#8211;1668), Nicholas Bayard (1685&#8211;1686), Abraham DePeyster (1692&#8211;1694), David Provost (1699&#8211;1700) were former NYC Mayors but I'm not sure if any of them were Volunteer firemen.
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David Provost - Thomas Willett (1665&#8211;1666 & 1667&#8211;1668), Nicholas Bayard (1685&#8211;1686), Abraham DePeyster (1692&#8211;1694), David Provost (1699&#8211;1700) were former NYC Mayors but I'm not sure if any of them were Volunteer firemen.
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Fiorello H. LaGuardia - Fiorello H. LaGuardia (1934-1945), James J. Walker (1926-1932), George B. McClellan Jr. (1904-1909), Robert F. Wagner Jr. (1954-1965) were NYC Mayors, but not in the days of volunteer firemen.
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James J. Walker - Fiorello H. LaGuardia (1934-1945), James J. Walker (1926-1932), George B. McClellan Jr. (1904-1909), Robert F. Wagner Jr. (1954-1965) were NYC Mayors, but not in the days of volunteer firemen.
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George B. McClellan Jr. - Fiorello H. LaGuardia (1934-1945), James J. Walker (1926-1932), George B. McClellan Jr. (1904-1909), Robert F. Wagner Jr. (1954-1965) were NYC Mayors, but not in the days of volunteer firemen.
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Robert F. Wagner Jr. - Fiorello H. LaGuardia (1934-1945), James J. Walker (1926-1932), George B. McClellan Jr. (1904-1909), Robert F. Wagner Jr. (1954-1965) were NYC Mayors, but not in the days of volunteer firemen.
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From 1725 to 1756, the site of the gallows was on the Common

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In 1756, the Gallows were moved to the place where the negroes were burnt some five years before called Catiemut's Hill near Fresh Water.

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The 5 points neighborhood was an area that was bounded by the Bowery, Canal Street, Centre Street, Chatham Street (Park Row) and Pearl Street. Family wealth came from tenement Real Estate deals to the Astors, Lorillards and the Schermerhorns.
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There was no Dog Bone Alley or Skull Row in 5 points, but where Columbus Park is now was Mulberry Bend's Bottle Alley, which was the Why&#243; Gang&#8217;s Headquarters. Also close to Columbus Park was Ragpickers Row which was also on Mulberry just off Bayard in 1882. Bandits Roost was at 59 1/2 Mulberry Street.
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Before the Irish and Italians came to 5 Points, the African Americans were living off Mulberry street in the early days, the neighborhood then was called Stagg Town and the Negro Plantations. Around the 1830's the African Americans moved up to an area just south of Washington Square Park on streets like Bleecker, Sullivan,Thompson and the two Minetta streets, by 1865 a quarter of NYC's blacks had settled in this area then called Little Africa. Derogatorily called Coontown, this neighborhood by the 1910's moved further uptown (on the west side between 20th and 60th streets) leaving only Gay street as the major black stronghold of their old neighborhood.
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After the taking of San Juan Hill in Puerto Rico, on July 1898 during the Spanish American War, a NYC neighborhood became named San Juan Hill.  The San Juan Hill neighborhood was above 59th street on the west side of NYC between 10th and 11th Avenue. The actual San Juan Hill is where Amsterdam Avenue rose to a point at Sixty-second Street. Many black veterans of that war in Cuba lived in this African American district. A bad race riot happened in this area in August of 1900, and again on July 14th 1904. When the blacks moved up to Harlem after WW1 the name of this hill was changed to Columbus Hill. Urban renewal razed San Juan Hill to make room for Lincoln Center. Before Lincoln Center was built, his area was highlighted in West Side Story. "San Juan Hill" dates immediately after the Spanish American War and the taking of San Juan Hill in Puerto Rico, in July 1898.

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Murderer's Alley -was once off Baxter street.
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No Thieves Alley or  Bone Alley in 5 points, but there was a Bottle Alley and Ragpickers Row. Thieves Alley was off Rutgers Square (now Strauss Square) in the Lower East Side where Seward Park Playground is today. Also on the Lower East Side was Bone Alley which was replaced by Hamilton Fish Park near Houston street, and Kerosene Row.  Battle Row. Mixed ale flats, Shinebone alley, Bummers Retreat, Mulligan's Alley, Cockroach row, Dead Cat Alley.
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Bummers Retreat - Bummers Retreat was a vacant lot on 13th street close to 6th avenue.
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The Dead End - Irish slum on 1st ave in midtown overlooking the East River.

Bandits Roost was on the bend at 59 1/2 Mulberry Street, between Bayard, Park (now Mosco), Mulberry, and Orange (now Baxter) Streets. The whole west side of Mulberry was torn down in 1896-1897, between Anthony (Worth) and Bayard. 

Rosanna Peers ran a cheap green-grocery speakeasy in 1825 on Centre street just south of Anthony (Worth). The backroom was headquarters of two Irish gangs, the Forty Thieves gang lead by Edward Coleman, and the Kerryonians who were mostly natives of County Kerry, Ireland.

Misery Row was a destitute area on 10th Avenue between 17th & 19th street in 1872. Misery Row was a seed-bed of crime and poverty in this quarter of old NYC.  This fever nest was the home to orphans and runaways who lived in nearby shacks and sheds. In 1872 there was 34,000 homeless children in NYC.

Blindman's Alley - Daniel Murphy was the blind landlord of tenements around an alley near Cherry street's Gotham Court that was home to a colony of blind beggars. The superintendent of Out-door Poor gave out $20,000 per year to the poor blind city dwellers, that was the loudest night each year in Blindman's Alley. Daniel Murphy protested the New York Board of Health's orders to clean up the tenements surrounding Blindman's Alley, and when it was improved it ruined the home feeling of the old alley, and many of the blind tenants moved out. Gotham Court was a half a stone's throw away from Blindman's Alley.

Gotham Court (Sweeney's Shambles) was a complex of two 1851 tenement that opened onto alleys off 36 and 38 Cherry street, between Franklin Square (Pearl and Cherry) and Roosevelt Street Just South of James. Eight houses on each side of Gotham Court were connected to two alleys, one called the Single Alley (6 feet wide) the other the Double Alley (9 foot wide Double Alley was also known at Paradise Alley). These 16 houses were built by a Quaker in 1851. A 4 foot wide alley at Gotham Court's western side connected to the middle of the block on Roosevelt Street, this narrow alley was a favorite for thieves that escaped through nearby sewer lines. The eight Gotham Court houses at 38 Cherry street fronted Roosevelt street at #81 Roosevelt street.  Irish and Italians mostly lived in Gotham Court, but before its end it was filled with Greeks. Gotham Court was condemned in 1871, and demolished in the mid 1890's.

The Arch Block was another squalid tenement that ran from Thompson to Sullivan between Broome and Grand.
Edward Harrigan and William J Scanlon were vaudeville performers that hung out in Paradise Alley.

Big Barracks

The Ship was located at the head of Hamilton street at Cherry Hill, where The Old Ship saloon once stood. This tenement was occupied by Italians and Russians. The janitor was named Mickey the Pilot.
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Cutthroat Alley 
Single Alley
9 foot wide Double Alley was also known at Paradise Alley.
Frog Hollow, 
Poverty Gap
Old Africa
Rogues' Gallery, 
Penitentiary Row
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Crown's Corner
Pete William's Dive
Harrington's Den
Monkey Hall -Home to many Italian organ grinders stood on Baxter near Chatham (Park Row)
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Many of the shanties in 5 Points were on top of Half door Houses (called that due to the half sized doors they used). The first floors of these Half door Houses were below street level, and many of them were full of hookers, thieves and killers until the Board of Heath banned human habitations in these basements.

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slumming
Davy Crockett
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Charles Dickens
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Abraham Lincoln
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Russian Grand Duke
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Murderers Alley was a dark lane that ran south from the dirty green door of #14 Baxter Street, past the east wall of the five story Old Brewery, down to Pearl Street. 
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Just south of Paradise Square, part of Coulter's Brewery was known as the Den of Theives until it was torn down in 1852, it was replaced by the Five Points Mission in 1853.
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The five story Old Brewery was known as the Den of Theives until it was torn down in 1852, it was replaced by the Five Points Mission in 1853.
Five points wasn't as violent as history makes it out to be, in the mid 1850's, there was only 30 murders per year in the whole NYC. Reports that the Old Brewery had a murder a night for 15 years seems like fiction.
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At the dead end of the northern side of Little Water street by the Collect Pond landfill, was the very lowest and worst place in New York, the infamous Cow Bay cul de sac. Little Water Street ran from the base of Paradise Square at Cross street to a dead end by the Collect Pond, it was called the very lowest and worst place in New York. The 30 foot wide (at its mouth) cul de sac ran about 100 feet into a dark alley that was next to one of the former Collect Ponds bays, that farmers watered their cows at. Cow Bay had tenements nicknamed Brick Bat Mansion, Gates of Hell, and Jacob's Ladder and other tenements that were one to five stories high. These tenements were connected by a series of underground tunnels from sewers to underground tunnels built as hidden burial chambers for many of the thieves victims.  Once through the cul de sac, at its end was Jacob's Ladder, which was named for its dangerous outside rickety broad wooden staircase that you needed to climb to enter the tenement.
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Anthony street was changed to Worth (named after Mexican War hero General William Worth), and Orange was renamed Baxter (after Mexican War hero Lt. Col. Charles Baxter) around 1850. 
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In 1873, the roads of 5 points were still muddy and many buildings still had low rum shops.
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Henry Petty- the third marquis of Lansdowne, was an English nobleman who financed a massive Irish emigration program. He took 3,500 starving paupers out of the poorhouses in Ireland, and by 1851, Lansdowne spent &#163;9,500 (slightly more than $1 million today) on emigration which was cheaper than supporting them in the Lansdowne estate Kenmare workhouse/poor-house for a single year. 200 people per week made the 60 mile journey to Cork, where they caught the emigrant ship to America (mostly NYC) and Quebec. Irish indignation started because Lansdowne sent entire families, so instead of vigorous young men, half of the Irish immigrants were women, and many were gray haired and aged. In 1855, out of 14,000 residents of 5 Points, two thirds of them were Irish. The dominant Irish sub-groups were from Sligo, Cork, and Kerry. 84 percent of the Irish from Kerry, lived on Orange Street (Baxter) from Anthony (Worth) to Leonard and Anthony Street from Centre to Orange. Seventy-nine percent of these Kerry natives were emigrates from the Lansdowne estate.
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The Five Points House of Industry was built in 1856 by Methodist minister Lewis M. Pease
Not in 5 points, but there was a Big Flat on Mott Street, Gotham Court, Big Barracks, and a place called The Ship.
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Cutthroat Alley was not in 5 points, but there was a Bandits Roost and Thieves Alley was off Rutgers Square (now Strauss Square) in the Lower East Side. 
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 Just south of Paradise Square, was the five story Old Brewery (opened in 1837) formerly the Coulter's Brewery that was built in 1792 by the shores of the Collect Pond.  The yellow painted Old Brewery had a large room called the Den of Thieves, the biggest of the 75 chambers that filled the five stories above its twenty room basement that once housed the machinery of the brewing plant. Most of these basement square rooms were only 15 by 15 feet, 26 people were found living in one of them. About 1,000 people lived in the Old Brewery, which equally housed Irish and African Americans. The building was torn down in 1852, and replaced by the Five Points Mission in 1853.
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Murderers Alley was a dark lane that ran south from the dirty green door of #14 Baxter Street, past the southeastern wall of the five story Old Brewery, down to Pearl Street. Donovan's Lane by Baxter street was also called Murderers Alley, and this other alley was home to the one eyed thief called  George Appo. The northwestern alley next to the Old Brewery lead to the Den of Thieves.
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George Appo- Donovan's Lane by Baxter street was also called Murderers Alley, and this other alley was home to the one eyed thief called  George Appo. George was born to a Chinese father and an Irish mother.
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Paradise square
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Jacob's Ladder was named for its dangerous outside wooden staircase
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Collect Street, became Rynders streets
5 point tenements included Old Brewery (Coulter's Brewery) , whose west side was just off Paradise Square,was called the Den of Thieves. Paradise square. In Cow Bay was Jacob's Ladder, Gates of Hell and Brickbat Mansion. Other bad tenements were Gotham Courts also called Sweeneys shambles
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Five Points was America's first willing large scale racial integration melting pot. Emancipated African Americans mixed with the Irish, Anglo, Jewish and Italian citizens of NYC. Five points was a, African American neighborhood first, then the Irish came in whose Jigs mixed with African's shuffle to create Tap dancing.
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Gangs were used to riot at certain polls to influence the vote. 
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Five points wasn't as violent as history makes it out to be, in the mid 1850's, there was only 30 murders per year in the whole NYC. Reports that the Old Brewery and Cow Bay each had a murder a night for 15 years seems like fiction.
Only twelve deaths and thirty-seven or so injuries occurred during the so-called Dead Rabbit-Bowery Boy Riot in the Five Points on July 4, 1857. People were not afraid to walk the streets of 5 points during the day. The 1830's and 1840's were the worst era of Five Points. In 1852, the Missionary Society bought the Old Brewery for $16,000 to tear it down. Protestant religious groups like the Methodist Eposcopal Church cleaned up the area, and built a new mission for $36,000 on the site. In the  1880's the Italians and Chinese started to fill up 5 points. 
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the Sixth Ward - also known as the Bloody Sixth
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5 points was known for its bare knuckles fighting bouts.
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tanneries, slaughterhouses, breweries, ropewalks, and potteries, 
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city's main red light district, and immigrant neighborhood
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underground passageways
built on not-so-solid ground, leaning building gave it a decrepit look 

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disease, infant and child mortality, unemployment, prostitution, violent crime
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Fourth Ward dives
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Fourth Ward Hotel - Catherine and Water street dive where sailors often were killed as they slept. Trapdoors dropped the bodies off the docks below. Frenchy a Jack the Ripper type killer (or maybe proof of a seafaring Jack) butchered an old hag referred to as Shakespeare.
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Pearsall & Fox Hotel on Dover near Water street was a famous sailors house with a dance hall in the basement.
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Glass House was at 18 Catherine Slip, it was run by Martin Bowe. The Bartender was Jack Madill.
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John Allen's dance house at 304 Water Street from 1850 to 1868, was staffed with 20 prostitutes and quickly became a four ward gangster hangout. John Allen became known as the Wickedest Man in NYC. After 17 years of business, John Allen was said to have been reformed and the dance house started holding revival meetings. Until the NY Times discovered Allen was paid $350 for using his dance house for prayer meetings, while he was telling people that he had given the preachers his dance hall for free. The local gangsters thought John Allen was loose and unsound and started to boycott his dance house. After the religious contracts were fulfilled the Fourth ward dives returned to their evil ways, but John Allen's dance house closed.
Tommy Hadden had a Cherry Street resort, and a boarding house on Water Street (which was taken over by the Water Street preachers when he was supposedly converted).
Kit Burns turned over his rat pit over for services.
Bill Slocum had a gin mill on Water Street which became overrun by the Water street preachers as well.
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In 1869 Sadie the Goat joined the Charlton Street Gang, whose headquarters at a low gin mill on the Hudson off Charlton street. She was a Fourth Ward character for years until a fight with Gallus Mag, where one of Sadie the Goats ears ended up being bit off and added to Gallus Mag's picked collection behind the bar at the Hole in the Wall. Sadie got her chewed off ear back and wore it in a locket around her neck.  The Charlton Street Gang were river pirates, and the Fourth Ward, Seventh Ward and Corlears Hook gangs had hundreds of them.
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Slaughter House point was at the intersection of James and Water street, where Pete Williams kept a low gin mill. It was the hangout for The Daybreak Boys, the first organized river gang. Their leaders Nicholas Saul (20 years old) and William Howlett (19 years old) were both executed at the Tombs prison by hanging.
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Gallus Mag bouncer at the Hole in the Wall bar which was at Water and Dover streets. It was run by Charley Monell who had one arm. His other helper was Kate Flannery
Slobbery Jim - Daybreak Boys-Big fight at Hole in the Wall bar over 12 cents.
Patsy the Barber- Daybreak Boys-Big fight at Hole in the Wall bar over 12 cents.
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Notorious dives were  The Haymarket, McGuirk's Suicide Hall, Paresis Hall and Billy McGlory's famous Armory Hall.
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Rosana Peers ran a greengrocer speakeasy in 1825 on Centre street just south of Anthony (Worth). The backroom was headquarters of the Forty Thieves gang lead by Edward Coleman, even the Kerryonians met there.
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1836 The Old St Patricks was under seige and was defended by Irish
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Al Capone - (Alphonse Capone) Public Enemy Number 1, Al Capone was born at 95 Navy Street, January 17, 1899, and the family moved to Garfield Place. Al quit high school when he was 14 after losing his temper and belting a female teacher who hit him. He then worked as a clerk in a candy store, a pin boy in a bowling alley, and a cutter in a bookbindery. Before joining the Five Points Gang, he was in the gang The Navy Street Boys (Frank Nitto's gang where Al's older brothers Vincenzo, Ralph and Frank  were members), At 12 he was a member of The South Brooklyn Rippers and then a member of the Forty Thieves Juniors and then the Forty Thieves. Frankie Yale  (Ioele or Uale) (friends with Chicago gangster John Torrio) owner of the Harvard Inn in Coney Island in 1917, was where an 18 year old from Williamsburg named Al Capone (scarface) worked as a bartender and bouncer. Insulting a girl patron named Lena Galluccio at the Harvard Inn gave him his left cheek scar in a knife fight with her brother Frank &#8220;Galluch&#8221; Galluccio in the summer of 1917. Capone told the press that the scar was a World War 1 wound from France when he served in the Lost Battalion (which a lie).  He was a member of the James Street Gang (run by Johnny Torrio) along with Lucky Luciano. A $1,500 a day suite, at the Metropole Hotel was Capone's headquarters when he was on top on NYC. He left NYC for Chicago after a bar room fight where he beat up Arthur (Criss-Cross) Finnegan, a member of  Dinny Meehan's White Hand Gang in Brooklyn (run by (Wild Bill) Lovett ), and maybe doing a few hits for Frankie Yale (Ioele or Uale) late in 1918 . Capone spent almost a year in jail in Philadelphia from  May 1929 to March 17, 1930 on a planned weapons charge. Capone was sentenced to 11 years in prison on October 24, 1931 for Tax evasion.
His physician and a Baltimore psychiatrist testified that Capone had the mental ability of a 12-year-old child in 1946. He got 11 years in jail.
 When Capone came out of Alcatraz in 1939, he moved back to his Palm Island palace to slowly age. On January 21, 1947, 48 year old Al Capone suffered a stroke and pneumonia from his syphilis and died 4 days later on January 25.
Al's business card claimed he was a used furniture dealer. He had 18 bodyguards which included  Frank &#8220;Galluch&#8221; Galluccioi (who gave Scarface his scars) and a seven-ton limousine.

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Frankie Yale  (Francesco Ioele) (friends with Chicago gangster John Torrio) owner of the Harvard Inn in Coney Island in 1917, was where an 18 year old from Williamsburg named Al Capone (scarface) worked as a bartender and bouncer. He also ran the nightspot the Sunrise cafe, ran a mortuary dabled in racehorses and prizefighters, and had a line of cigars.
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illiards parlour for the group
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Johnny Torrio (Giovanni Torrio aka Terrible Johnny, Sporting saloonist, The Fox, The Brain) - One of the 3 godfathers of Organized Crime (Arnold Rothstein, and Meyer Lanksy)  Johnny Torrio's father grocery store mostly sold beer and moonshine, which lead a pint sized Johnny to a bouncer job at NYC's roughest and wildest bar that was located on Pell street called Nigger Mike's (where Irving Berlin got his start as a singing waiter). Johnny Torrio started the James Street Gang in the 1920's, the profits paid for a billiards room for the gang. The game at this billiards parlor was a reception room for extortion, loan sharking and gambling. Torrio owned a bar on the corner of James and Water. Leader of the Five Points Gang, Paolo Vaccarelli (Paul Kelly), transformed the James Street Gang into a training ground for the Five Points Gang, and named them the Five Point Juniors. Johnny Torrio became Kelly's lieutenant or Vice President. On the side in 1912, Torrio had a bar by the Brooklyn Navy Yard docks that was a front for prostitution, and opium sales to sailors, as well as hijacking, loan sharking, and his bookies numbers games and stuss games (a form of card game). Al Capone was a neighborhood kid who lived on Garfield Place, who did errands for Torrio, and moved from the Five Point Juniors to the Five Points Gang quickly.  Torrio after jail went to Naples Italy in 1925. After November 1928 when Arnold Rothstein died, Torrio organized the Big Seven cartel (bootleggers up & down the east coast). In May 1929, gangsters met in Atlantic City at either the President Hotel, or the Breakers, forging relationships, and talking about St. Valentine&#8217;s Day Massacre and the baseball bat beating deaths of Albert Anselmi, John Scalise, and Joseph Giunta. In 1935, mobsters met at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel to create the national crime syndicate. Torrio ran and presided over this meeting of the New York, New Jersey, Chicago, Cleveland, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Miami, Boston, and Minneapolis mobs.  
Torrio fled to St. Petersburg, Florida after Dutch Schultz (a partner with Torrio in a bail bonds company) was shot, Torrio would spend winters there. Torrio was arrested for tax evasion, in the White Plains Post Office on April 22, 1936, trying to pick up his passport. A 50-page statement from Al Capone (who was questioned during his stay in Alcatraz) made Torrio plead guilty, and the USA put Torrio away for 2 1/2 years at Leavenworth Penitentiary.
After the Al Capone trail where he came in from Italy or Florida to testify. On April 16, 1957, Torrio had a heart attack in a NYC barber shop, and died in an oxygen tent at Cumberland Hospital a few hours later at 3:45 PM. 


Charles Lucky Luciano, James T Ellison aka Biff, and Pat Riley aka Razor were members of the Five Points Gang


William Waldorf Astor 
The largest and tallest hotel in the world, the Waldorf-Astoria, opened on October 1931, at 301 Park Avenue between East 49th and 50th Streets. It was the second hotel called Waldorf Astoria.

Cousins William Waldorf Astor and John Jacob Astor IV in the early 1890's, each had hotels built on 5th Avenue between 33rd and 34th streets (on the future site of the Empire State Building). In 1897, the two luxury hotels were joined by a corridor, until they were demolished in 1929.

In 1935, mobsters met at the current Waldorf Astoria Hotel to create the national crime syndicate. Torrio ran and presided over this meeting of the New York, New Jersey, Chicago, Cleveland, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Miami, Boston, and Minneapolis mobs. 
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John Jacob Astor IV
The largest and tallest hotel in the world, the Waldorf-Astoria, opened on October 1931, at 301 Park Avenue between East 49th and 50th Streets. It was the second hotel called Waldorf Astoria.
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Cousins William Waldorf Astor and John Jacob Astor IV in the early 1890's, each had hotels built on 5th Avenue between 33rd and 34th streets (on the future site of the Empire State Building). In 1897, the two luxury hotels were joined by a corridor, until they were demolished in 1929.
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In 1935, mobsters met at the current Waldorf Astoria Hotel to create the national crime syndicate. Torrio ran and presided over this meeting of the New York, New Jersey, Chicago, Cleveland, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Miami, Boston, and Minneapolis mobs.
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The Waldorf Astoria Hotel was the first hotel to offer room service. It's Starlight room featured a retractable ceiling and was a NYC hotspot in 1930's and 1940's
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Dr. W. P. Buel - The 1849 Cholera epidemic started in 5 points on May 14, a two story building at 127 Anthony (now Worth) was set up as a make shift hospital run by Dr. W. P. Buel. By May 18th the hospital moved to a bigger location at Pearl and Centre streets, once called the Monroe Hall, it became the Centre Street Hospital.
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Jack McGurn -His trademark was leaving a Buffalo Nickel in the hands of his victim, his point that a man's life was only worth a nickle.

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William S Pontin - William S Pontin ran Pontin's at 46 Franklin street. This British restaraunteer called father Bill, first worked in the Union Club's kitchen at the corner of White and Broadway. Pontin's had the best roast beef in NYC, it was a favorite restaurant of the Criminal Court workers in 1900.
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Joseph G. Siegel - The 27 story 1 Fifth Avenue (on the SE corner of 8th street) was built in 1926, by Joseph G. Siegel, who leased the land from Sailors' Snug Harbor (who owned most land around Washington Square Park).  False shadow effects using darkened bricks give it a 3-d look.
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Stanford White (1853-1906) - Three floors of the New York Eye & Ear Infirmary were added in 1890, and its remodeling was handled by Stanford White. 
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Stanford White structures in NYC that are left standing
The pedestal for the Admiral Farragut Monument in Madison Square park off 26th Street, almost midway between Fifth and Madison Avenues (1881); some interiors of the Villard Houses at 451-457 Madison and 51st Street -these six adjoining mansions became the Helmsley Palace Hotel and now its the New York Palace Hotel. (1884); The second Washington Square Arch's - Stone (1892); The New York Eye & Ear Infirmary's Schermerhorn Pavilion-13th and 2nd Avenue (1890); Century Association Club House at 7 West 43rd Street-where he was a member (1891); The Cable Building - 611 Broadway (1892); The Judson Memorial Church at  54-57 Washington Square South, on the south side of Washington Square (1893-but used starting in 1891); The First Bowery Savings Bank at 130 Bowery, and Grand street - now called Capital (1893 or 1895); The Metropolitan Club- at 1 East 60th Street, off Fifth Avenue (1894); The Battle Monument at West Point (1896); Stuyvesant Fish house at 5 East 78th Street, the NW corner of Madison Avenue and 78th Street (1900); Gorham Building at 390 5th Avenue the southwest corner of 36th Street (1906); The Tiffany Building - 409 5th Ave at the SE corner of 37th Street (1906); A woman's club called the Colony Club at 120 Madison Ave at 31st street (1908); 
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Destroyed structures designed by Stanford White includes: The first Washington Square Arch - Wooden (1889); Tiffany Mansion at 19 East 72nd street, the NW corner of Madison Avenue (built in 1882, and demolished before 1936); the second Madison Square Garden (built in 1890, and demolished in 1925); the New York Herald Building at Broadway and 34th Street (built in 1894, and demolished in 1921); Madison Square Presbyterian Church (built in 1906, and demolished in 1919); 
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The University Club was built with pink Milford granite from Maine, and didn't allow women as members until 1987.
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Washington Square Arch (1889) -The 2 angels on the arch were Bessie White, Sanford's wife, and arch financer William Rhinelander Stewart's wife.
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Mrs. Stuyvesant Fish ny house modeled on the Doges' Palace in Venice at 5 East 78th Street the NW corner of Madison Avenue and 78th Street in 1900, now used for the Bloomberg Family Foundation. Stuyvesant Fish was the son of Gov. Hamilton Fish who was  a US senator and Secretary of State.
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the Metropolitan Club-Fifth Avenue, at 1 East 60th Street created for J. Pierpont Morgan who friends could not get into the Union Club. Opened February 27,1894. the Metropolitan Club also called the millionaire's club, was where the United States Steel Corporation was formed. It had a ladies' annex, and 45 bedrooms.
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others
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Lambs, and Harmony clubs
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St. Bartholomew's facade (1903)
Fifth Avenue mansions for the Astors, the Vanderbilts, the Joseph Pulitzer house, rockefeller 5th ave mansion,
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 New York University (in a former incarnation)
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several branches of the NY public library
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New York Public Library, 115th Street Branch, 203 West 115th St (1907-09)
* New York Public Library, 135th Street Branch (now Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture), 103 West 135th St (1903-05)
* New York Public Library, Chatham Square Branch Branch, 31 East Broadway (1903)
* New York Public Library, Hamilton Grange Branch, 503 West 145th St (1905-06)
* New York Public Library, Tompkins Square Branch, 331 East 10th St (1904)
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 McKim, Mead and White, designed 11 branch library buildings for The New York Public Library. The Jefferson Market courthouse was where in 1906, Harry K. Thaw was tried here for the murder of architect Stanford White.

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McKim, Mead and White Sites
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MANHATTAN, NEW YORK CITY
* 998 Fifth Avenue (1910-12)
* 23 Park Avenue
* America's Society, 680 Park Ave (1906-1912)
* Bowery Savings Bank, 130 Bowery (1895)
* Cable Building, 611 Broadway (1892)
* Century Association Club House, 7 West 43rd St (1889-91)
* Church of the Ascension (interior alterations in 1889
* Columbia University - Morningside Campus (general design) and individual buildings: Brooks Hall, Casa Italiana (111-1161 Amsterdam, 1926-27), Hamilton Hall, Hewitt Hall, John Jay Hall, Low Memorial Library (1894-97), Philosophy Hall
* Colony Club (now American academy of Dramatic Arts), 120 Madison Ave (1904-1908)
* Cultural Services, Embassy of France, 972 Fifth Ave (1909)
* Goelet Building, Broadway and 20th (1885-86)
* Gorham Building, 390 5th Ave (1904-06)
* Farragut Monument, Madison Square Park
* First Presbyterian Church - Alexander Chapel (1893-94)
* Harry B. and Evelina Hollins Residence (later the Calumet Club, now the Consulate General of Argentina), 12-14 West 56th St (1899-1901)
* Harvard Club of New York, 27 West 44th St (1893-94)
* Hotel Pennslyvania (1919)
* James A. Farley Building / United States General Post Office, 8th Avenue at W 31st St (1908-13)
* James Hampden Robb and Cornelia Van Rensselaer Robb House, 23 Park Ave (1888-92)
* James J. and Josephine Goodwin Residence (now U.S. Trust Company), 9-11 West 54th St (1896-98)
* Joseph and Kate Pulitzer House, 11 East 73rd St (1900-03)
* Judson Memorial Church, 54-57 Washington Square South (1888-93, 1895-96)
* Lamb's Club (now Manhattan Church of the Nazarene), 130 West 44th (1903-05)
* Liggett Hall, Governors Island
* Madison Square Garden II (defunct)
* Merchant's Exchange, now Regent Wall Street Hotel (addition and interior redesign from 1904-1910)
* Metropolitan Museum of Art - north and south wings (1911)
* Municipal Building, 1 Centre St (1909-1915)
* Metropolitan Club, 1-11 East 60th St (1891-94)
* National City Bank (additions), 55 Wall Street (1907-1910)
* New York Herald Building (1894)
* New York Life Insurance Company Building - extension, 346 Broadway (commission taken over in 1894) 
* New York Public Library, 115th Street Branch, 203 West 115th St (1907-09)
* New York Public Library, 135th Street Branch (now Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture), 103 West 135th St (1903-05)
* New York Public Library, Chatham Square Branch Branch, 31 East Broadway (1903)
* New York Public Library, Hamilton Grange Branch, 503 West 145th St (1905-06)
* New York Public Library, Tompkins Square Branch, 331 East 10th St (1904)
* Oliver D. and Mary Pyne Filley House (now the Spanish Institute), 684 Park Ave (1925-26)
* Pennsylvania Station (1910) (demolished)
* St. Bartholomew's Church (entrance portal)
* Pierpont Morgan Library (1906)
* Percy and Maud H. Pyne House (now Center for Inter-American Relations), 680 Park Ave (1906-12)
* Peter Cooper Monument, Cooper Square
* The Players (redesign), 16 Gramercy Park South (1888-89)
* Post Hospital, Governor's Island
* Racquet and Tennis Club, 370 Park Ave (1916-1919)
* Savoy-Plaza Hotel (1927) (demolished)
* Strivers Row, West 138th and West 139th between Powell and Douglass Blvds (1890)
* Thomas Benedict and Fanny Clarke House (now the Collectors Club), 22 E 35th St (1901-02)
* Town Hall, 113-123 W 43rd St (1919-21)
* University Club, 1 West 54th St (1896-1900)
* Washington Square Arch, Washington Square Park (1892)
* Villard Houses (later the Helmsley Palace Hotel, now the New York Palace Hotel), 451-457 Madison Ave and 24 East 51st St (1882-8)
* William H. and Ada S. Moore House, 4 East 54th St (1898-1900)

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designed the pedestal for the Admiral Farragut Monument in Madison Square park off 26th Street, almost midway between Fifth and Madison Avenues (1881).
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In 1888, he made changes to the brownstone of the Players club in Grammercy Park--where he was a member, 

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Tiffany mansion (1882) 19 east 72nd street NW corner of 72nd and Madison ave- McKim, Mead & White&#8217;s fabled 1882 Tiffany mansion torn down before 1936 - Stanford White's homage to his mentor, H. H. Richardson,
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Harvard Club created after his death, falsely credited to Stanford White.
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McKim, Mead & White was the top architectural firm in NYC, that started in 1879. Charles Follen McKim and William Rutherford Mead.
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Pennsylvania Station - C.F. McKim designed
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The Pierpont Morgan Library -  C.F. McKim designed
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Columbia campus -  C.F. McKim designed
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University Club at .1 West 54th Street the NW corner of 5th Avenue;-  C.F. McKim designed
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Madison Square Presbyterian Church
The Judson Memorial Church on the south side of Washington Square (1893-but used starting in 1891)
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His apartment in the old Madison Square Garden's Giralda tower had a red velvet swing. He was shot and killed by a jealous husband of Evelyn Nesbit on the roof of the old Madison Square Garden (which he designed) on June 25th, 1906. Evelyn Nesbit's love nest was at 22 West 24th Street.
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Rotunda opened in 1818, in 1827 the post office moved into the Rotunda until burnt in the fire of 1835.
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Mount Pitt Circus Grand & East Broadway
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Broadway Circus
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It will be noticed that the houses were not numbered. They were identified by signs. These must have made the streets look exceedingly picturesque. The signs were usually appropriate to the occupation of the tenant or owner of the house. Thus, we have John Brinner at the Sign of the Chair, a cabinet-maker. Other instances are : C. O. Bruff (gold-smith) Teapot and Tankard; James Duthie (drug-gist) Golden Pot ; Peter Goelet (ironmonger) Golden hey ; Jacob Wilkens (brass-founder) Andiron and Candlestick ; Robert Boyle (pewterer) Dish ; Peter T. Curtenius (ironmonger) Golden Anvil and Hammer; Joseph Cox (upholsterer and cabinet-maker) Royal Bed and Star ; Thomas Brown (ironmonger) Cross-daggers; Samuel Lawrence (coach-maker) Chariot and Phaeton ; Cornelius Ryan (tailor) Sun and Breeches; Jos. Stephens and Jno. Newstead (livery stable) Two Running Horses ; Moses Taylor (brazier) Cat and Kettle; William Anderson (tailor) Hand and Shears, etc., etc. Other signs include the Dove and the Rainbow ; Bible ; Bible and Crown ; Blue Ball ; Golden Broad-Ax, Lock and Key ; Horse and Cart ; The Rose and Crown ; Sign of the Two Cupids ; Golden Fleece ; Chariot ; Unicorn and Mortar ; Highlander ; Chair Wheel ; The Admiral Vernon ; Chair Box and Carriage ; Platter ; Three Pigeons ; Black Horse; Quadrant and Surveying Compass ; Dog's Head in the Porridge Pot ; St. George and the Drag-on ; Bunch of Grapes ; King's Arms ; Duke of Cumberland ; Prince of Orange ; etc., etc.
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It was not alone the house of business that was known by its sign. Occasionally we meet with a notice such as this : " To be sold, a good brick dwelling-house in John Street, near Alderman Courtlandt's and known by the Sign of the White Bear."


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George and Jacob Shaw Tanners- 1785 Tanners, whose operations were just east of the Collect Pond off Magazine Street (Pearl Street).

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John Lysaight - tavern owner,  In 1865-1873, Lysaight's was at 474 Pearl Street.
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Matthew Buys - blacksmith
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John Sickles - cordwainer
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John Orchard - Baker

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Johann Lampo - Johann Lampo was NYC's first Schout (sheriff) in 1625.

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William E. Dean - Proof of the real cause of Yellow Fever came in 1900, when an infected mosquito was tested on William E. Dean, a soldier from Troop B, Seventh Cavalry.
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Wooter Van Twiller - first 1/2 of the 17th century Wooter Van Twiller owned 100 acres including Washington Square Park.

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Anthony Portuguese - This free black (indentured to the Dutch West India Company) owned land south of the Washington Square Arch in 1645. The land was  6 morgen and 425 rod farm.

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Manuel Trumpeter (Trompeter) - This free black (indentured to the Dutch West India Company) owned land east of the Washington Square Arch in 1643. The land was 9 morgen and 586 rod farm.
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Jacob Sebor and William Ward Burroughs - owned Washington Square Park east of the Minetta Brook after April 30th, 1795 and before April 7th, 1797.

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William Stephens Smith - George Washington's Aide-de-camp during the Revolutionary War. He married Abigail Smith Adams (John Adams daughter) who then became Abigail Smith Adams Smith. He owned Washington Square Park east of the Minetta Brook for about a year before April 30th, 1795.
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David Marshall (1st caretaker from 1797-1803), John McKenzie, William P Roome, Morris Ackerman (1815), Daniel Magee, William Schureman and Cornelius Meyers other potter's field caretakers had their house (created from materials that were taken from the City Hall Park almshouse) on the northwestern side of the park in 1797. 
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Thomas Ludlow daughter Maria and son in law Guilian
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Guilian Ludlow owned 10 acres west of the Minetta brook in Washington Square Park.
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Herring Farm map 1784

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Stokes Farm Map 1928

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Coney Island - Lamarcus Thompson built the Switchback Railroad in 1884 (designed in 1881), making it the first Coney Island ride. Customers rode down hill in cars on undulating tracks using gravity. It was close to the Elephant hotel. The first Coney Island ferris wheel called Tilyou's Ferris Wheel, opened in 1894 near Culver's Iron Tower on W 8th street & Bowery. Deno's Wonder Wheel Park features some cars that swing on tracks, it was built in 1920, seven years before the Cyclone. Sea Lion park had Coney Islands first log flume, but it wasn't the first ride in Coney Island, it was the first amusement park in Coney Island.  Steeplechase Park had a simulated horse race over streams and hurdles down 1,100 feet of track on 6 double-saddled robot horses. The Cyclone roller coaster (with its 85 foot drop at 60 miles/hour) opened in 1927, 43 years after the first ride. The first coaster in the world started in 1873, it was the Mauch Chunk Switchback Railway in Pennsylvania. 

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Sea Lion Park opened in 1895 in Coney Island, making it the first amusement park. It was opened by Captain Paul Boyton who was a local lifeguard, and featured a water flume called Shoot the Chutes. The 15 acre Steeplechase opened on Coney Islands oceanfront in 1897, two years after the first amusement park, it's still standing Cyclone roller coaster opened in 1927 (13 years after Tilyou died). Steeplechase finally closed in 1964. Luna Park developed from a ride called Trip to the Moon, which started at Steeplechase in 1902, a year later Luna Park opened on the site of the 1st park in question. Rides included The War of the Worlds and Kansas Cyclone. Luna Park burnt down in 1944. Dreamland came to Coney Island in 1904.  It featured 300 dwarfs and midgits living in an experimental village called Lilliputia (80 x 175 feet), located under the current Aquarium. Dreamland burnt down in 1911. Astroland is the current amusement park in Coney Island that features the old Steeplechase Cyclone. 
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Water Chutes Park in Chicago, opened in 1894 by Captain Paul Boynton, it was the first amusement park in the USA. The world's oldest existing amusement park is a Pleasure Garden north of Copenhagen called Bakken, it opened in the 1580's.  Sea Lion Park opened in 1895 in Coney Island, making it the first amusement park in Coney Island. It was opened by Captain Paul Boyton who was a local lifeguard, and featured a water flume called Shoot the Chutes. George C. Tilyou's (owner of Surf Theater at Coney Island) Steeplechase opened in 1897. Steeplechase was on oceanfront property by the former Parachute drop by W 17th Street.  Luna Park didn't open in Coney Island until 1903, eight years after the first amusement park. Luna Park's owners bought and destroyed most of this first amusement park, and built Luna Park on its old site. Knott's Berry Farm did not open until 1968, but Walter Knott built a ghost town, in 1940. Holiday World opened in 1946 in Santa Claus, Indiana.
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The hot dog was invented in Coney Island by Charles Feltman (1867), he put a Vienna sausage in a roll & named it a Coney Island Red Hot. His worker Nathan Handwerker, opened Nathans in 1916. Feltman opened a hotel in 1878, his hot dog place closed in 1946. The internet claims the Manhattan Beach hotel (erected 1877) was said to have invented the hot dog in 1867 (10 years before it was built?), but it wasn't even in Manhattan. In 1907 the Manhattan Beach Hotel was razed. Yale University students in 1894 started to refer to the carts selling hot sausages in buns as dog wagons, making light of what kind of meat they were using. A story in the Yale Record on October 19, 1895, ended -They contentedly munched hot dogs. A 1906 cartoon illustrating Harry Stevens&#8217; hot dogs was pictured at a six-day bicycle race in Madison Square Garden. A Bavarian sausage seller, Anton Ludwig Feuchtwanger was serving sausages in rolls at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. The frankfurter wurst, was invented in the 1480's in Frankfurt, but Vienna claims to have 1st created the wienerwurst or Viennese sausage.
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A moving stairway was an attraction at Steeplechases Pavilion of Fun that was called the Earthquake Stairway.  Real estate mogul Fred C. Trump demolished the Pavilion of Fun in 1964 before it could be saved as a historic landmark. The Thunderbolt was the first roller coaster to utilize steel supports, but it was not Coney Island's 1st, it was built in 1925 (RIP November 17, 2000). LaMarcus Adna Thompson (the Father of Gravity) built the Switchback Railroad in 1884, that was Coney's 1st coaster. Old time resorts in Coney Island included: the Manhattan Beach hotel (1877). the Brighton Beach Hotel (1878), the most snobbish was the Oriental Hotel (1876) and my favorite the Elephant Hotel (1888) was shaped like an elephant but became associated with prostitution. Mike "Thunderbolt" Norton a Tammany Hall ward heeler, opened up a hotel with seedy rough clientel at Norton's point (western side close to West Brighton) on Coney Island in the 1860's. A roller coaster used his nickname which came from his punch.
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Samuel Colt, the inventor of the six shooter gun, built Coney Island's 1st observation tower in 1845 to telegraph the movements of ships traveling to the city. Besides the Electric Tower that opened in Luna Park in 1920, there was also an 375-foot Beacon Tower in Dreamland whose beam could be seen for 50 miles. Andrew Culver in 1877 erected a 300-foot Steel Tower and the crowds started coming, and coming. Imported from the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition, the Camera Obscura Observatory became part of Janton's Georama & Camera Obscura. Steeplechase's Steel or Iron Tower burnt down on May 27th, 1911, hours before the season started.
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Steeplechase Park had the Human Zoo, the Human Roulette Wheel and the Human Pool Table. Also featured was the Blowhole Theater, Barrel of Love, Earthquake Stairway, and the Whichway in its Pavilion of Fun. A winged spaceship called Luna was the namesake of Luna Park, whose ride A Trip To The Moon was brought to Coney Island after it premiered at the Buffalo Pan-American Exposition in 1901. The Hell Gate attraction in Dreamland burned down the entire park in 1911 on opening day of the season, and it closed after 7 years. After the 1911 fire, the owners opened Dreamland Circus Sideshow under a tent on Surf Avenue. Sea Lion Park featured a broad lagoon, an old-mill water ride and an aquatic toboggan slide in flat bottomed boats called Shoot-the-Chutes ride. Astroland opened in 1962 this 3.1 acre park is the present owner of the Cyclone. This park is on the site where restaurateur Charles Feltman invented the hot dog in 1874.
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Dreamland featured the Destruction of Babylon , other attractions included Lilliputia (also called Midget City), Feast of Beshazzar and the End of the World. Luna park's Dragon's Gorge roller coaster burned in 1944, later that season another fire burnt The Tunnel of Love and LaMarcus Thompson's Scenic Railway roller coaster.In 1905 the owners of Luna Park also built the Hippodrome Theater in Manhattan on 6th Avenue between Forty-third and Forty-fourth streets. Now a sports stadium, Steeplechase park had many attractions that gave customers electric shocks, after the fire of 1907, the owner George Tilyou added a roofed version of his Pavilion of Fun, other rides were the Flying Turns and the Thunderbolt. Astroland opened in 1962 as an space-age theme park, first designed as Wonderland by Coney Island Enterprises (that included Nathan Handwerker as a corporate member). Captain Paul Boyton opened Sea Lion park that offered an aquatic toboggan slide (Shoot-the-Chutes) and the first American looping coaster, a centrifugal railway called the Flip-Flap railroad.
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Nathan's in Coney Island once paid bums (who the employees dressed up in medical attire) to sit at their counters to look busy. When customers who came off the train saw all the Doctors eatting at Nathan's, they figured it was safe to eat. Nathan even put up a sign reading - If doctors eat our hot dogs, you know they're good!  Walt Whitman was a Long Island poet whose birthplace was in West Hills, Huntington Station, he used to run naked down the long bare unfrequented shore of Coney Island which was a desert island at that point in history (1889). Whitman said about Coney Island-Where I loved after bathing to race up and down the hard sand, and declaim Homer or Shakespeare to the surf and seagulls by the hour. Walt wrote of the beautiful vistas he saw as he strolled along the beach. Others that visited Coney Island were Herman Melville (1849), Daniel Webster (1850), P.T. Barnum (with songbird Jenny Lind), Washington Irving and Edgar Allan Poe. 
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The first carousel at Coney Island was the Looff Carousel. Danish woodcarver Charles I. D. Looff 1st ride (1875) for Vandeveer's bath-house (later called Balmer's Bathing Pavilion) at West 6th Street and Surf Ave. This kerosene lantern lit ride featured hand-carved horses, animals and iron rings to grab.  Weber's Carousel was at the Boardwalk and 27th Street, next to the Eureka Baths. Feltman's Beer Garden Carousel was an 1880 Carousel on Surf Avenue. Feltman's Beer Garden Carousel was the 2nd Carousel in Coney Island but it was built by the same Danish Woodcarver, Charles I. D. Looff that created the 1st Coney Island Carousel. Broadway Flying Horses Carousel was built in 1890, it moved to San Diego. Coney Island's last traditional carousel was B&B.
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Jimmy Durante and Eddie Cantor convinced Nathan to quit Feltman's in Coney Island and sell hot dogs at half price.  Jimmy Durante and Eddie Cantor were co-workers of Nathan's who worked at Feltman's as a pianist (Durante) and a singing waiter (Cantor). In 1916, Handwerker and his wife Ida, bought and opened a 8 x 25-foot store at the corner of Surf and Stillwell Avenues. Ida's spicy recipe used lots of garlic and all beef. 

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Woody Guthrie lived on Mermaid Avenue for awhile


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fire engine names
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White Ghost, Black Joke, Shad Belly, Dry Bones, Red Rover, Hay Wagon, Big Six, Yaller Gal, Bean Soup, Old Junk, Old Maid

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More old raw data for nyc maze site
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characters homes/work - capt william kidd, de peyster, mrs taylors boarding house, mark twain #1, mark twain #2, henry brevoort, samuel leggetts, edna st vincent millay, nicholas william stuyvesant, hendrick van dyck, aaron burrs 1st law office, richmond hill, general bailey, 1st marble mansion, edgar allen poe-1937, morris mansion, eddie cantor, 
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apts - dakota, majestic, apthorp, gateway plaza, 
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bank - jarmulowsky, walton house, bank of ny #1, bank of ny #2, bank of manhattan #1, bank of manhattan #2, bank of ny #3, bank of manhattan trust bldg-dupe,
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bar - fraunces tavern, martlings tavern, tom rileys, sinsheimers, john mcgurks, fighting cocks, coulters, mcsorleys, white horse, cafe wha?, san remo, pj clarkes, wolfert webbers, petes, chumleys, golden swan, kings head inn, bulls head inn, golden hill inn, cedar tavern, central park casino, stone bridge tavern, cape tavern, harry venn's, shakespeare, mrs day's murray st boardinghouse/tavern, Pfaffs beer cellar, San Remo - dupe, john hughson's tavern, widows day tavern
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bridges/tunnel - kissing, brooklyn, hellgate, brooklyn-battery,
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buildings - greybar, kalikow, broadway-chambers, west street bldg, national biscuit company, little singer, rhinelander sugar house, van cortlandt's sugar house, livingston sugar house, david duffore's flour grist mill, edward mooney house, putnam building
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burial grounds - African American Burial Grounds, old burying grounds, shearith israel's 2nd cemetery, 2nd nyc potters field, 
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cast iron -  ev haughwout, new era, gunther, 
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churches - st paul, trinity, st marks, st johns, grace #1, old st pats, st marys, st augustine, brick presbyterian, st nicholas, ref prot dutch church, garden st, l eglise francaise, 5th ave presbyterian, church of the ascension, 1st presbyterian, grace #2, reformed protestand dutch-dupe, garden st-dupe, north dutch, middle dutch, huguenot, st pats 1815-dupe, methodist's old rigging loft, wesley chapel, african methodist episcopal, zion african methodist episcopal,
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city bldg - city hall 2, house of refuge-dupe, stadt huys, city hall park almshouse, us custom house, poorhouse, arsenal in central park, city hall post office, new gaol, bridewell debtors prison, tweed courthouse, united nations, 
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clubs - tammany hall #1, anglers & tarpon, cloud, pinnacle, sky, top of the sixes, union, athenaeum, lotos, yale, salmagundi art, stork, cotton, 21, bread & cheese, jolly corks/elks,
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coffee houses - tontine, merchants, burns, kings arms
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districts - gas house, french quarter, rialto, 2nd rialto, little africa, 
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farms - robert randall. nicholas bayard, anthony bleecker, james delancy, robert herring, negros plantation, company farmhouse
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fires - 1776, spring st watchtower, firemans hall, fdny fire acad, firemans hall-dupe, fireman hall #2, corporation yard,, oceanus engine co #11, lady washington engine co #40, crooker & warren warehouse-1845 fire, ladder #9-1st fire pole, hook & laddder #8-ghostbusters, lady washington-dupe, 
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firsts - 1st sidewalk, 1st street, 1st negro uprising, demarest bldg, 1st bagel, 1st presidential mansion, lomabardi's,
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fort - norumbega, amsterdam, city magaine, magazine, blockhouse #1, west battery/castle garden/ft clinton, 1612 dutch redoubt, red fort/north battery, white fort/Fort Gansevoort, 
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foundry - phoenix, novelty iron works, frances elsworth brass foundry, morgan iron works, mccullough shot tower,
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gangs/gangsters - ukrainian national home, triangle social club, bowery boy clubhouse, hole in the wall bar, ravenite social club
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gardens - tea water pump, niblos, thysens, elgin, vauxhall, ranelagh, sheep meadow, sperrys, atlantic, sperry-dupe, bowling green, brannans, palace garden, spring garden, stuyvesants pear tree
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hills - golden hill, bunker, cows foot, dutch, zandtberg, monkey, san juan, 
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hotels - plaza, waldorf-astoria #1, savory plaza, sherry netherland, st regis, martinique, marlton, chelsea, brevoort, 5th ave, delmonico, algonquin, city, ritz-carlton #1, st regis-dupe, ansonia, claridge, astor, waldorf-astoria #2, 
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indian - sapohannikan, corlaer's hook,
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islands - roosevelt, governors, liberty, randalls, wards, wards - dupe, city, coney, ellis, 
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jails - ludlow, jeff mkt
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jewish - foward, bialystoker, anshe chesed, beth hamedrash hogodol, elridge street synagogue, congregation shearith israel
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library - seward park, astor, lenox, ny society, mercantile, 
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markets - union, fly, essex, centre, jefferson, bear, washington, catherine, slave, oswego, chelsea, linton, tomkins, dragons gate
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medical - eastern disensary, northern dispensary, bellevue, jews hospital, ny eye infirmary, 
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mills - nicholas bayards windmills , jaspers windmills , francois molemacker's horse mill, Jan de Wit and Denys Hartogveldt wheat mill,
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museums - pt barnums american museum, zoological institute, barnum and van amburgh museum & menagerie-539 broadway, barnums circus, museum and menagerie-14th, barnums monster classical & geological hippodrome, grand street museum, tammany/scudders, peale's, 
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natural springs - old wreck brook, minneta, collect pond, inscope arch bridge/devoors mill stream, pond, harlem meer, model boat pond
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newspaper/publishing - freedoms journal, puck, harper and brothers, new york gazette, new york times,
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park - bowling green, wash sq, madison sq, city hall, battery, bryant, battery-dupe,
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pollution - pre 1676 tan pits, post 1676 tan pits, shoemakers pasture
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power - edisons pearl street station, con edison bldg
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red light - holy ground-dupe
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restaurants - Bluebird cafe, one if by land, delmonicos, luchows, katz's deli, windust's, fleischmanns vienna model bakery, 
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riots - provost marshalls headquarters
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schools - 1st school, columbia college, cooper union institude, 
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shipyard - brown & bell,   webb & allen, jacob westervelt
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statues - stuff and guff, leo astor and leo lenox, wash sq arch, civic fame, purity & virtue, delacorte clock, bethesda fountain, temperance fountain, christopher columbus arch, madsion square arch, general wolfes obelisk, william pitt, 
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stores - at stewarts #1, at stewarts #2, fao schwarz, b altman, brooks brothers, lord & taylor #2, es ridley dept store, ah ken's cigar stand, lord & taylor, abercrombie & fitch, macy's, siegel-cooper, hearn's, co bigelow chemists,
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streets - broadway, broad, burgers path, shinebone alley, lagrange terr, patchin, gay, swing street, mechanics alley, tin pot alley, tweed plaza
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swamps - beekmans swamp
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tallest bldgs - park row, equitable life, anhattan life, new york world, washington bldg, tower, woolworth, empire state, singer,
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tenements - gotham court, big flats, cow bay, bandits roost, old brewery, murderers alley, bottle alley, thieves alley, bone alley, blindmans alley, misery row, the ship
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theatres  - astor place opera house, mad sq garden, metropolitan opera house, rockefeller ctr, anderson, 2nd ave, yiddish art, 13th st rep, chickering hall, koster & bials music hall, circle in the square, new york life bldg, cherry lane, radio city, bowery, park, john street, nassau street, metro opera house - dupe, palmo opera house, italian opera house/national theatre, academy hall of music, tammany hall-14th st, jefferson theatre
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transportation - dircksens ferry, grand central, hudson terminal, chrystie street connection, noisiest bus stop, 
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wall st - stock exchange, wall st, buttonwood tree, dead line, 
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water - manhattan co, colles pipeline, 13th st waterworks, manhattan well, comforts tea water
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wharfs - crugers, murrys, heere graft, schoeynge, schreyer's hook, black ball line pier,  

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Explorer-Juan (Jan) Rodrigues was the 1st non native resident of NYC. This black (mulatto) crewman from the boat Jonge Tobias lived and traded among the natives in 1612 (w/o support of a harbor ship). A friend of the Indians and the keeper of the Norumbega secret.
Timeline - 1612 - 1664
Topics - Indian/ Dutch,
People - Adrian Block fire through Peter Stuyvesant fire proofing
Places

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Slave - Caesar's friend 
Timeline - 1712 - 1741 
Topics - 1712 - 1741 Slave revolts, Dutch / British  Slave/White
People - Gerardus Beekman to Molly Williams (1818)
Places - greenwich and rector (John Hughson tavern), Water & Wall (slave market), Hanover square-#11, Firemen's Hall-71 Fulton Street,
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Inventor - Christopher Colles -1774 - NYC's first log pipeline
Timeline 1742-1776
Topics - Patriots / British, Water
People
Places
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Patriot - Burr
Timeline - 1776- 1836.  
Topics - Patriots / Tory Loyalists, 1776 Fire, Manhattan Company
Places
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Ringleader - Tweed
Timeline - 1823 -1878  
Topics - 1835 Fire, 1845 Fire, Tammany Hall, Gangs, 
People - Mose Humphrey knocked senseless in 1838
Places -
Route for 1835 fire - start at wall & hanover, up wall, down Broad, to William thru to counties slip to South st, up wall (18)
 Route for 1845 fire- New street, up Beaver, up whitehall, to Morris, down Broadway , thru just south of Bowling Green, to Stone, up Broadway to Beaver, thru Marketsfield to William, to exchange. (13)
Route life -24 cherry (pearl/dover-Robert f Wager sr pl/w of parking lot) , #6 engine-49 Beekman street (between water and south street),  old childhood station #12 1835 (Rose, near Frankfort Street),  Tammany Hall (Park Row/Frankfort), City Hall (12-inch cast iron pipes from the 1830 waterworks on 13th & 4th Avenue ran down Broadway to City Hall), Courthouse-(chambers-centre/broadway)  (21)
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Juan (Jan) Rodrigues a Spaniard from Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic and Haiti). Jan Rodrigues was the first non indian merchant in NYC, this black (mulatto) man was the first non native to live in NYC. He was a former crewman from the boat Jonge Tobias who traded and lived among the natives in 1612 (w/o support of a harbor ship).
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The Dutch explorer/lawyer Adrian Block, sailed away with his two Indians, Valentine and Orson in 1611. Orson killed Hendrick Christaensz on the Hudson River abord the Swarte Beer in 1619.
Dutch lawyer Adrian Block spent the winter of 1613-1614, in NYC and survived thanks to the Indians. Tiger was the name of his boat that burnt and stranded him for the winter, while Restless was the name of the boat he built, to leave NYC the next Spring.
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Peter Stuyvesant - The first stop for the boat the Great Crow (Groote Gerrit) was Curacao, and Peter Stuyvesant arrived in NYC on May 11 1647. Also on board was his wife Judith.  
During Peter Stuyvesants rule, travellers were allowed to buy anything at anytime for economic reasons. Stuyvesant's 1653 wall replaced the old animal wall, with sharpened 16 foot logs, that were secured 4 feet deep. Starting just north of Wall and Pearl, it stretched to the Hudson river, and turned south till the northwestern side of Trinity graveyard.  Stuyvesant created the first real jail in NYC, inside Fort Amsterdam in 1653.  Stuyvesants plan enlarged and fortified the canal (which became Broad Street) to Beaver Street. Ironicly thats where Stuyvesant last stood as the final Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam. Stuyvesant established the NYC's first Poorhouse at 21-23 Beaver Street in 1653. Stuyvesant cared alot for the protection of New Amsterdam against fire, in 1653, he hired four fire wardens to inspect all the buildings in town, also organizing a paid police force of 8 men. Peter Stuyvesant also authorized a municipal wharf, at Pearl and Moore. Peter Stuyvesant lost his right leg, fighting the Portuguese in the West Indies.  Besides rebuilting the crumbling fort, Peter Stuyvesant also started the Rattle Watch, and made sure chimneys were built better (no more wooden ones). Peter Stuyvesant, opened a free school at the Stadt Huys. The first hospital was opened during Peter Stuyvesant's 16 years in office. Stuyvesant built a fence in 1653, along the North side of Wall Street. This 12 foot wooden stockade wall was removed by 1699. Peter Stuyvesant wanted to fight but the town had other ideas, like giving Peace a chance. So Stuyvesant brokered a peace deal with the British Navy without firing a shot. Haystacks seemed to cause many fires, so it was the first thing they moved out of town after after Peter Stuyvesant built the Wall street wall.
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On Dec. 31 1655, Peter Stuyvesant made the following laws. The first offense of firing of guns or just beating a drum was 12 guilders, 24 for the second, and arbitrary correction for the 3rd offense. Planting a May-pole was prohibited, maypole celebrations often got out of control, so they were banned. 
Peter Stuyvesant enacted laws on Jan. 25 1658, that made playing tennis during church service hours illegal, and outlawed the sick game of pulling the goose. 
Peter Stuyvesant tried to end the Indian wampum currency and substitute Dutch coins, but the company disagreed and did not want the valuable coins lost in the New World.
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With 7 ships and 600 to 700 men, Peter Stuyvesant retook Fort Casimir in New Sweden up the Delaware River, on September 11, 1655, and by September 25th Fort Christina in New Sweden surrendered. 
Peter Stuyvesant had to pay the Indians gunpowder and lead as ransom for 100 women & children held captive for 2 years after 1655.  28 farms were destroyed in the Peach war, and 40 citizens were killed.   
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Andrew Beekman - Andrew Beekman the son of Gerardus Beekman, was killed in the revolt, his dad Gerardus helped prosecute the slaves of the 1712 and 1741 slave revolts. Just before NYC's first negro uprising (April 7th, 1712 at 1 AM), out of roughly 5,000 African American slaves working in NYC, a few of them gathered in Mr. Cooke's Apple orchard by Maiden lane. After setting Peter Van Tilburgh's house (or outhouse) on fire they killed some of the white people who came to put it out. 2 slaves killed the 3 owners that treated them the worse, Andrew Beekman, Joris Marschalk and Adrian Hoighlandt.
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Joris Marschalk - Just before NYC's first negro uprising (April 7th, 1712 at 1 AM), out of roughly 5,000 African American slaves working in NYC, a few of them gathered in Mr. Cooke's Apple orchard by Maiden lane. After setting Peter Van Tilburgh's house (or outhouse) on fire they killed some of the white people who came to put it out. 2 slaves killed the owners that treated them the worse, Andrew Beekman, Joris Marschalk and Adrian Hoighlandt. Joris Marschalk was baptized on Feb. 27th , 1691, his father was Andries Marschalk, and mother was Elisabeth Van Gelder.
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Adrian Hoighlandt - Just before NYC's first negro uprising (April 7th, 1712 at 1 AM), out of roughly 5,000 African American slaves working in NYC, a few of them gathered in Mr. Cooke's Apple orchard by Maiden lane. After setting Peter Van Tilburgh's house (or outhouse) on fire they killed some of the white people who came to put it out. 2 slaves killed the owners that treated them the worse, Andrew Beekman, Joris Marschalk and Adrian Hoighlandt.
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Gerardus Beekman - Andrew Beekman the son of Gerardus Beekman, was killed in the revolt, his dad Gerardus helped prosecute the slaves of the 1712 and 1741 slave revolts. Just before NYC's first negro uprising (April 7th, 1712 at 1 AM), out of roughly 5,000 African American slaves working in NYC, a few of them gathered in Mr. Cooke's Apple orchard by Maiden lane. After setting Peter Van Tilburgh's house (or outhouse) on fire they killed some of the white people who came to put it out. 2 slaves killed the 3 owners that treated them the worse, Andrew Beekman, Joris Marschalk and Adrian Hoighlandt.
<p>
Governor Robert Hunter  - After hearing gunfire from the 1712 slave rebellion, he called out the militia, and stopped the revolt.  
<p>

Molly Williams-  Molly Williams was the first female firefighter . Bucket brigader Molly Williams was a slave to member James Aymar. In 1818, when fireman were sick, she helped pull the old engine through the snow.  

<p>


Christopher Colles - In 1774, Christopher Colles created NYC's first log pipeline, reservoir and pumping station on White Street, just East of Broadway. Christopher Colles built a sterm engine in 1787, for a steamboat in the Collect Pond, but it was to big.
Christopher Colles arrived from Ireland on these shores about the time Fulton was born. In  (1705). In 1772, he delivered a series of lectures "on the subject of Lock Navigation," at Philadelphia. "He was the first person," says De Witt Clinton, "who suggested to the government of the state (New York) the canals and improvements on the Ontario route. Unfortunately for him, and, perhaps, for the public," adds the same authority, "he was generally considered as a visionary projector, and his plans were sometimes treated with ridicule, and frequently viewed with distrust."[1] In 1784, 1785, 1786, and for several successive years, he petitioned the Legislature of that state, on the importance and practicability of uniting the western lakes to the Atlantic. He was, probably, the author of the letters signed "Hibernicus," on the same subject, which were published at New York about the beginning of this century. In 1774, he proposed to supply New York with water by aqueducts, such as now bring in the Croton, and of which he exhibited models at public lectures. During the war, of 1812 he was "the projector and attendant of the telegraph erected on Castle Clinton." He died in obscurity and poverty, while others were growing famous and wealthy upon the stolen ideas of his failing intellect.
<p>

Aaron Burr -  Aaron Burr ended up pennyless, he did not start his life that way. Born in Newark, New Jersey, on February 6, 1756. In 1769, Burr schooled at the College of New Jersey (Princeton University). His parents both died when he was 2 years old in 1758, his older sister (2 years older) Sally and Aaron lived with his grandparents who also died of yellow fever in 1758. 
<p>
At 19 years old he was fighting in the the Continental Army at the 1775 Battle of Quebec. The winter was deadly for the 1,100 men crossing Maine, living on dogs, reptiles and their own shoes.
<p>
 Burr's first law practice was in Albany in 1782. 
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When Burr was only 20 years old, he worked writing letters for George Washington, but after 6 weeks of working with the Commander in Chief he resigned to go back to the front lines of the war. Washington never trusted him again.
<p>
Burr married his first widow, Theodosia Prevost who gave birth to his daughter Theodosia Bartow Burr in 1783. Theodosia Prevost died in 1794.
<p>
While Thomas Jefferson was Secretary of State he lived on Maiden Lane, Aaron Burr also lived on Maiden Lane before in 1797.
<p>
 When Burr defeated General Philip Schuyler for Senator (1791-1797), he started the snowball rolling with Schuyler's son in law Alexander Hamilton. 
<p>
While Burr was a Senator from NY, he wanted access to historical archives to write the History of the Revolutionary War of America, George Washington had Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson block his access to this restricted library. Aaron Burr's journalist urges were calmed after he started the New York Morning Chronicle on October 1, 1802, which had articles by Washington Irving, and was edited by his brother Peter Irving. 
<p>
Burr had two duels with John Church in 1799.
<p>
Aaron Burr's 1799 Manhattan Company's reservoir was located on the north side of Chambers between Elk and Centre, in front of its well (on the west side of Centre Street between Reade &  Duane) by the southern side of the Little Collect Pond. 
<p>

The duel with Hamilton was due to multiple reasons; they were longstanding political rivals and personal enemies for years; Hamilton was angered by Burrs using the towns fresh water supply to start a rival bank in 1799; When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804 as an independent candidate, and Hamilton opposed his candidacy (using rumors and slander in the press, Hamilton attacked and ruined Burrs bid, which made Morgan Lewis governor of New York from 1804-1807; Hamilton's interference prevented Burr from being President, instead of a Vice President (1801-1805).  
<p>
 Burr moved up to the 1750 or 1760 Richmond Hill mansion at the southeast corner of Varick and Charlton streets (about 100 feet east of Varick to be exact). He widened part of an offshoot of Manetta stream that ran down Charlton street, into a fine waterway known as Burrs pond.
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After 7 years of leasing the Richmond Hill from the Episcopal Trinity Church (for peanuts), and dueling Alexander Hamilton, Burr transfered the 69 year lease of Richmond Hill to the original John Jacob Astor (who made a killing when real estate in the neighborhood boomed).
<p>
Richmond Hill mansion was built between Varick, Charlton, MacDougal, and King streets by the Paymaster of the British Army, Andrew Mortier. Before the Battle of Long Island, George Washington slept here, it was his NYC residence starting on April 13th, 1776. Washington used the mansion at #1 Broadway as his headquarters as well. Between June 1789 until August 1790, Richmond Hill was the official residence of John Adams when he was Vice President.  Burr rescued General Knox's brigade on September 16, 1776. Burr was an aide to George Washington, and met him time to time at Richmond Hill, he must of fell in love with the palatial mansion. Burr then became the aide-de-camp to General Israel Putnam. Washington left Richmond Hill before he retreated to Harlem Heights around September 13, 1776, when he moved uptown to the Roger Morris mansion (later called the Jumel Mansion). One of the last of the British officers who took over the Richmond Hill mansion was Sir Guy Carleton, the last commander of the British Army.  After 1783 when the British left NYC, the Richmond Hill mansion was left abandoned. In 1831 the mansion was converted to a fashionable theatre, but before it was torn down in 1849 it ended its historic journey as a cheap tavern.

<p>
Hamilton opened his 1783 law office at his home at 33 Wall Street then at 58 or 67 Wall Street from 1783-1790. Burr found one nearby at 10 Cedar street, and lived upstairs. Burr had numerous law office locations on Nassau Street, at 9, 23 or 73 Nassau Street (many just cubbyholes in size).  A later Burr law office location was by the Collect Pond, at 11 Reade street, just west of Centre street, this location was right across from the main water pump of his Manhattan Company. 
<p>
In 1799, when Burr started the Manhattan Company scheme to open up a bank (which opened 6 months later) that opposed Hamilton's Federalist Bank of New York (which only gave loans to Federalist's),  he was a member of the New York Assembly.  Using the scare of yellow fever, Burr pushed his own companies water bill through the Legislature through political manipulation which got the approval of Governor Jay. Citizens became angered when they realized the real purpose of the Manhattan Company, and many never trusted him again (he was defeated at the following election). By 1840, the Manhattan Company had 25 miles of wooden pipes and fourteen miles of iron pipes, working 3 feet under street level. The water was raised from underground wells and springs by a steam pump, and stored 15 feet above the level of nearby Broadway. The huge water tank took up 3/4 of a building that was formerly on the corner of Reade and Center streets. Smaller lateral pipes ran from the main water pipes to the houses that paid the $10 fee (besides the monthly water bills). The supply was far from pure or wholesome, often polluted water from the Collect pond contaminated the water, whose pipes were often leaking or totally offline. Croton water came to NYC's rescue in 1842.

<p>
Burr&#8217;s trial for treason in 1807
<p>
Burr was broke and exiled in Paris until he was 55 years old.
<p>
Aaron Burr re-opened up his NYC law offices at the age of 55, after returning from exile in 1812. His daughter Theodosia, who sailed on the schooner Patriot from Georgetown South Carolina was lost at sea to the storms or the pirates.
<p>
When he was 77, Burr's old friends moved him to the Jay House on Bowling Green, after his health and spirit were broken after his 4 month marriage to Madame Jumel (July 1st, 1833 - Oct 1833). The last years of Burr's life, he spent in poverty. Shortly after the Jay House was torn down in 1836, Burr died obscure and pennyless. Burr's final days were in Port Richmond (then called Mersereau's Ferry), Staten Island, he died on September 14th, 1836, at the ripe old age of 80. Aaron Burr was buried in the college grounds in Princeton, NJ.

<p>


Boss William Marcy Tweed- Cherry Street and Pearl Street is no longer an intersection, due to the building of the Brooklyn Bridge, but it was near Tweeds birthplace. Tweed was a fireman, a member of the Big Six, but he became a corrupt politician. For six year after 1865, Tweed stole almost $200,000,000, starting the Panic of 1873. What a cover. Tweed was born on Cherry street, close to where the Brooklyn Bridge is today.
Boss William Marcy Tweed built hospitals and orphanages, widened Broadway and got land for Metropolitan Museum of Art.  Tweed's mansion at 45th and Fifth avenue had a near by stable full of horses. John Jacob Astor and other rich New Yorkers signed a baseless certificate of character supporting Tweed (who was the third largest owner of Manhattan real estate).  Tweed owned two yachts, and a race horse, he could afford them his organization raked in 1-4 billion in todays dollars. Tweed's stickpin was ten and a half carats, he also wore a blue-white gem in his shirt. Some called him the Santa Claus with a diamond pin. Almost 6 foot tall, Tweed was a 300 pound non smoking non drinking ringleader of corrupt city officials, law makers and contractors. Tweed's City Hall lunch club fed his organization using fraud, money-laundering and profit sharing. The Tweed Ring pillaged approximately $13 million in city funds and used the construction of the county courthouse as a pretext to embezzle millions of dollars. Commissioner of Public Works was one of Tweed's titles. Tweed controlled every office in the city government. Tweeds ring controlled the courts, legislature, treasury and the ballot boxes. Peter Sweeny, head of the Department of Parks was part of Tweeds City Hall lunch club that started his Ring of corruption called the Tammany Ring. Tweeds organization used money-laundering, and profit sharing to commit fraud with the help of Comptroller Richard Connolly. Upstate Republicans were bribed to maintain Tweeds system of honest graft, which also applied to Mayor A. Oakey Hall. Tweeds illicit profits made him the third biggest owner of NYC real estate, and a pal of Mayor John Hoffman.  After the prosecutors immense legal costs, Tweed alone became the scapegoat, but he was not the only one of the Ring that served time in jail (James H. Ingersoll spent 2 1/2 years in jail). Other Tweed Ring members were Sheriff Matthew Brennan,  John Hoffman, James Kelso, and James O'Brien.
Referring to Thomas Nasts cartoon images of himself, Tweed said My constituents do not know how to read, but they can not help seeing them damned pictures. Other quotes included: Nine men out of ten either know me or I know them; and As long as I count the votes, what are you going to do about it?  Boss Tweeds last words around noon on April 12, 1878 were I hope they are satisfied now. Tweeds last words  were said right after he said Well, Tilden (Samuel Jones Tilden, the New York governor) and Fairchild (Charles Fairchild, the New York State attorney general) have killed me.  Tweed died April 12 of the same year (1878) in a debtors prison on Ludlow street, and was buried in Brooklyns Green-Wood Cemetery.
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Tweed said If I could have bought newspapermen as easily as I did members of the Legislature, I wouldn't be in the fix I am now. The Evening Post, tried to aid the Tweed ring, but it was too late. Tweed underestimated his enemies, and made a full confession (even admiting to things he was not even involved in). Ironically, Tweed was convicted in the structure (now called Tweed Courthouse at 52 Chambers) that he was responsible for building, on the south side of Chambers Street just west of Centre Street.  $250,000 was the amount of the original budget of the Tweed Courthouse, it ended up almost costing twice what United States spent to purchase Alaska in 1867.  It took 11 years (1861 -1872) to finish the Tweed Courthouse. During renovations of the Tweed Courthouse, in 1999 they removed the cast iron and 18 layers of paint as well as putting in new floors and roof.  The triangular open space at East Broadway and Canal Street, now known as Nathan Strauss square, was once called Rutgers square, but it also had Tweed's name on the space as well, when it was called Tweed Plaza. Henry Street and Gouverneur Street was the location of Engine #6, the fire station Tweed was in charge of. 

<p>